“实”的可经验性——《墨经》“实,荣也”句新解  

The Empirical Property of “Shi”:A New Interpretation of “Shi is Rong” in Mohist Canon

作　　者：陈声柏[1] 韩继秀 CHEN Sheng-bai;HAN Ji-xiu(School of Philosophy and Sociology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000;Shizuishan City Intermediate People＇ s Court, Shizuishan 753000, Ningxia, China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学哲学社会学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市中级人民法院,宁夏石嘴山753000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第3期127-137,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金自由探索项目"'名'与先秦诸子哲学"(15LZUJBWZY076)

摘　　要：关于墨家"实"的含义,历来讨论不多。重新解读众说纷纭的《墨经》"实,荣也"句,证得墨家之"实"具有可经验的内涵。以"荣"字的词源学探究为中心新解《经上》文的含义为:"实"就在"荣"之中,从"荣"中自可求得"实",且只能从"荣"中求得"实",由此强调"荣实一致"。以儒墨之别为视角新释《经说上》文为:荣就像一个人志气(神情容貌和言行举止)呈现出来的样子,他人以此了解到的自己就如同真实的自己,不像一个人用金声玉服(隆重的排场和华丽的服饰)所呈现出来的样子,名不副实,与真实的自己并不相同。总之,以"荣"解"实"是理解墨者"实"义的一个特别视角;"荣"是事物所表现出来的、可经验的、具有标示意义的显著特征/根本特性;以"荣"解"实",就是要凸显和强调"实"的可经验性,由此贯彻墨家一贯奉行的经验主义传统。There have been few discussions about the meaning of ＂Shi＂ of Mohist School. A new interpreta- tion to the sentence ＂Shi is Rong＂ in Mohist Canon （Mojing） finds that ＂Shi＂ has empirical connotations. By studying the connotation of ＂Rong＂ in Jingshang etymologically, ＂shi＂ is included in ＂Rong＂ and can be ob- tained only from ＂Rong＂, which emphasizes that ＇Rong＇ is equivalent to ＂Shi＂. Another interpretation of ＇ Rong＇ in Jingshuoshang from the perspective of the difference between Confucianism and Mohism is that ＇Rong＇ is like something represented by a person＇ s ＇Zhiqi＇ （expressions, appearance, words and deeds）, from which others can know what he really is. On the contrary, ostentations and costumes cannot represent what the person really is. So, interpreting ＇ Shi＇ with ＇ Rong＇ is a special perspective to understand the mean- ing of ＇ Shi＇. From this perspective, ＇ Shi＇ is the distinctive （or fundamental） feature that a thing displays. It has an empirical property and symbolic meanings. Therefore, interpreting ＇Shi＇ with ＇Rong＇ is to highlight this property so as to be consistent with the empirical tradition that Mohist School advocates.

关 键 词：《墨经》 实 荣 非儒 名实问题 

分 类 号：B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学]