纳米颗粒抑制肿瘤转移的研究进展  

Progress of nanoparticles inhibiting tumor metastasis

作　　者：巩茁然 张晓婷[1] 戴志飞[1] Zhuoran Gong;Xiaoting Zhang;Zhifei Dai(College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学工学院生物医学工程系,北京100871

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第15期1482-1492,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划纳米科技专项(2016YFA0201400)资助

摘　　要：肿瘤转移已经成为癌症治愈的最大难题.由于传统手术难以完全清除原发灶,而且传统化疗给药效率低,使得未被完全清除的肿瘤通过上述两个阶段在远端形成转移灶.利用纳米颗粒则有望攻克这一难题.因为它能够在肿瘤部位有效富集、联合如光热治疗等其他疗法,有效抑制原发灶的增殖转移;同时它还能够捕获循环肿瘤细胞、富集于特定转移灶器官或淋巴结、抑制肿瘤(如:脑胶质瘤)的转移和复发.本文以功能性纳米颗粒为对象,总结了功能性纳米颗粒在不同肿瘤组织的富集策略,分析了功能性纳米颗粒清除原发灶的机制和方法,探讨了功能性纳米颗粒对抑制转移灶生长、扩散、复发的影响,最后从临床应用的角度对纳米颗粒的研究现状、未来前景以及面临的挑战进行了分析和展望.Tumor metastasis has become one of the great challenges of cancer diagnosis and effective treatment. Metastasis, a process is depicted that the primary tumor spread to distant organs or tissues to compose the new ＂citadel＂. The circulating tumor cells which are escaping the immune surveillance can transfer to the host tumor and tissue. Once these adapt to the ＂host organ＂ microenvironment, composing the ＂metastatic tumor＂ with a strong multi-drug resistance. Therefore, curing the metastatic tumor hardly uses the traditional treatment independently. Nowadays, we focus on how to use the func- tional nanoparticles （NPs）to inhibit tumor metastasis effectively. One of treating metastasis issues is enriching the NPs in the tumor tissue. The EPR effect is the ＂navigator＂ of NPs. They can reach the tumor site effectively and tracing or inhibiting the metastatic tumor in possibility. Some research have found that the permeability factor such as nitric oxide contributed to the role of EPR effect in the tumor site, it improved the vascular permeability of the tumor site selectively, proved that NPs can be effectively delivered to the tumor site. Tumor tissues often show the specificity, which make the NPs target to the specific tumor tissue modifying the specific antibody. The NPs can be encapsulated by the homologous cancer cell membrane and release the anti-tumor drugs in the vicinity effectively, improving the treatment efficiency and the therapeutic effect obviously.. Nowadays, the CRISPR immune system develop a new gene editing technique. To delivery Cas-9 system in high efficiency, we can design a series of functional-nanoparticle delivery system. It is a kind of method which is safer than the virus vector and much more efficiency than the plasmid. In the meanwhile, it can grasp the relationship between the lack of gene function and phenotype of metastasis with controlling the tumor growth. Inhibition of CTCs in vivo circulation is the most indispensable step in preventing tumor metastasis, but

关 键 词：纳米颗粒 原发灶 CRISPR技术 转移灶 循环肿瘤细胞 肿瘤复发 

分 类 号：R73-37[医药卫生—肿瘤] TB383.1[医药卫生—临床医学]