2014—2016年鞍山市公共场所集中空调污染状况  

Pollution condition of central air conditioning in public places of Anshan City from 2014-2016

作　　者：张天骄 ZHA NG Tian-jiao(Environmental Health Department ,Anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention ,Anshan Liaoning, 114002, China)

机构地区：[1]鞍山市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,辽宁鞍山114002

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第11期1531-1534,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解鞍山市公共场所集中空调冷却水、冷凝水中微生物污染状况,尤其是军团菌的分布情况,为规范集中空调监管提供研究基础。方法按卫生部《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》(2006),于2014—2016年对鞍山市所有区县多家公共场所的集中空调通风系统冷却水、冷凝水采集样品分别对集中空调送风中细菌总数和真菌总数、风管内表面的细菌总数和真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌,冷却水和冷凝水中的嗜肺军团菌开展微生物污染状况监测。结果 2014—2016年抽检712家次,所有检测项目合格的404家次,合格率为56.7%。2014—2016年鞍山市公共场所集中空调各年监测的合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.95,P>0.05)。不同类型场所的合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.400,P<0.05),合格率最高为商场超市68.6%,最低为娱乐场所42.4%。送风中细菌总数的检测合格率较低,66.5%;真菌总数合格率为82.9%。风管内表面的细菌总数以及风管内表面的真菌总数的合格率较高,分别达97.2%和99.7%。娱乐场所嗜肺军团菌合格率(50%)较低,但是医院学校、商场超市、办公楼的嗜肺军团菌合格率均>90%,各类型公共场所嗜肺军团菌合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.943,P<0.05)。送风中β-溶血性链球菌在2014和2015年合格率分别为93.3%和99.2%,2016年未检出,2014-2016年历年的合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.462,P<0.05)。送风中真菌总数在不同年份间合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.989,P<0.05)。2014—2016年风管表面真菌总数的合格率逐年上升,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.54,P<0.05),风管表面细菌总数、冷却水军团菌、冷凝水军团菌合格率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论鞍山市公共场所集中空调通风系统存在一定的微生物污染,送风中主要以β-溶血性链球菌污染为主,冷凝水和冷却水以军团菌污染为主,须强化公共场所集中式空调系统[Objective] To understand the microbial contamination of cooling water and condensate water in central air conditioning in public places of Anshan City,especially the distribution of legionella,provide the research foundation for regulating the supervision of centralized air conditioning. [Methods] According to the Hygienic standard for centralized air conditioning and ventilation system in public places（2006） designed by the Ministry of health,the samples of cooling water and condensate water in centralized air conditioning ventilation system were collected from some public places in all districts and counties of Anshan City from 2014-2016,to detect the total number of bacteria and fungi in air supply of centralized air conditioning,the total number of bacteria,fungi and β-Streptococcus hemolytic streptococcus on inner surface of the wind pipe,and legionella in cooling water and condensate water. [Results] From 2014-2016,totally 712 public places/times were tested,404 public places/times were qualified for all detection items,with the qualified rate of 56.7%. There was no statistically significant difference in the annual qualified rate of centralized air conditioning in public places from 2014 to 2016（χ^2=0.95,P〈0.05）. The difference in the qualified rate was statistically significant among different types of places（χ^2=19.400,P〈0.05）,and the qualified rate in supermarket and shopping mall（68.6%） was the highest while that in entertainment venues（42.4%） was the lowest. The qualified rate of total number of bacteria in the air supply was lower（66.5%）,and the qualified rate of total number of fungi was（82.9%）. The qualified rates of total number of bacteria and fungi on inner surface of the wind pipe were higher,which was97.2% and 99.7% respectively. The qualified rate of Legionella pneumophila in entertainment venues was lower（50%）,while that in hospital/schools,shopping malls/supermarkets and office buildings were all higher than 90%,The difference in the qualified rate of

关 键 词：公共场所 集中式空调 冷却塔水 冷凝水 微生物污染 

分 类 号：R181.34[医药卫生—流行病学]