洪洞英山杂剧图所见杂剧脚色及演出结构探讨  

Discussion on the Incised Pattern about Zaju in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province

作　　者：胡传耸[1] Hu Chuansong

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2018年第6期50-56,共7页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：洪洞英山杂剧图是一幅线刻七人杂剧图,位于山西省洪洞县左家沟乡英山的舜帝庙里,对研究北宋前期的杂剧形态具有重要的价值。英山杂剧图内容为二杂剧色作场表演,两侧为乐部教坊鼓色、笛色、歌板色、杖鼓色、筚篥色。教坊鼓色、筚篥色,头部均戴诨裹,推断应为杂剧演员,真正的身份很可能是杂剧行当中的副净、副末,在其搬演的剧目中无需演出时,兼职司乐。笛色头戴东坡巾,也可能是兼职司乐的杂剧演员,在正杂剧的演出中有可能是职司引戏或者末泥的行当。本文以静态的画面作为基点,复原英山杂剧演出的动态过程,认为英山杂剧图表现的应是正杂剧演出之前的"艳段",情节简短,所需演出脚色少,副净、副末等主要脚色行当尚未开始演出任务,又因"路岐"剧组的规模有限,故而在"艳段"中兼职司乐伴奏。这个简短的艳段演出完毕,再行搬演正杂剧。The incised pattern of zaju [杂剧] in Hongdong county, Shanxi province is an important material for the research of the early Northern Song dynasty zaju performance. There are seven characters in the scene, two actors and five musical instrument players. Two of the five instrument players are wearing a Hunguo [诨裹] headcloth, which is a typical accessory of zaju actors, therefore their real identity should be actors as well. Based on the incised pattern, the current author reconstructs the zaju performance and suggests that the scene should demonstrate an introducing act before a formal play. Due to the shortage of personnel, some minor actors occasionally play musical instruments in the introducing act.

关 键 词：北宋 山西洪洞 杂剧 脚色 

分 类 号：J809.2[艺术—戏剧戏曲] K879.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]