从康德的道德形而上学建构到马克思的道德意识形态批判  

From Kant's Construction of Moral Metaphysics to Marx's Criticism of Moral Ideology

作　　者：陈文珍 舒远招[2] CHEN Wenzhen;SHU Yuanzhao

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学马克思主义学院 [2]湖南大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2018年第3期55-61,共7页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重点项目"康德道义论重大理论与实践问题研究--着眼于对康德道义论的各种批评"(13JJD720007)

摘　　要：在西方伦理思想史上,康德第一次尝试将伦理学或道德哲学作为"道德形而上学"来加以建构。他从纯粹实践理性出发提出了纯粹形式的、普遍有效的先天道德法则,并将之视为道德形而上学的最高原则。康德的这种道德形而上学一经提出,就遭到了各种各样的批判。马克思通过创立唯物主义历史观而形成了崭新的伦理思维范式,并且基于唯物史观将康德的道德形而上学以及其他道德理论当作道德意识形态加以揭露和批判。唯物史观理论框架中的共产主义道德,不同于康德基于纯粹理性而提出的道德要求,它不是一种空洞的道德说教,而始终坚持从物质生活条件出发来理解道德的形成及其演变。In the history of western ethical thought,Kant,for the first time,tried to construct ethics or moral philosophy as＂moral metaphysics＂. Hence,from pure practical rationality,Kant proposed the innate moral rules with pure form and universal effectiveness. And he considered it as the supreme principle of moral metaphysics. Once Kant＇s moral metaphysics was proposed,it suffered diverse criticism. For example,it was criticized by Schopenhauer,Hegel and Feuerbach. Marx formed a new pattern of ethical thought through constructing the historical view of materialism. He exposed and criticized Kant＇s moral metaphysics and other moral theories as moral ideology based on historical materialism. The communist morality in the theoretical framework of historical materialism differs from the moral request put forward by Kant based on pure reason. The former insists on understanding the formation and evolution of morality from the material conditions. It is not an empty moral preach.

关 键 词：康德 道德形而上学建构 马克思 道德意识形态批判 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]