湘西花垣县主要地表河流水重金属污染特征及健康风险评价  

Assessment of heavy metal pollution and health risks in a main river in Huayuan County,Xiangxi,Hunan Province

作　　者：刘亚宾[1] 许云海[1] 张海涛[1] 杨海君[1] LIU Yabin;XU Yunhai;ZHANG Haitao;YANG Haijun(College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学植物保护学院

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2018年第3期602-608,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2016JJ5015);湖南省花垣县重金属污染环境与健康专项(湘财建指[2016]49号)资助~~

摘　　要：为探明湘西花垣主要地表河流水重金属污染的程度,评估河流地表水的健康风险,于2016年8月、12月分别采取花垣县主要河流花垣河与兄弟河11个点位地表水水样,对水样中重金属铅（Pb）、锌（Zn）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、镍（Ni）进行监测,并采用美国环境保护局（USEPA）推荐的健康风险评价模型,对花垣县主要地表河流水中的重金属进行健康风险评价.结果显示,研究区地表河流水中Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu、Fe与Ni的含量分别为2.57×10^（-3）、4.66×10-4、1.65×10^（-3）、6.27×10^（-4）、0.19、8.50×10^（-4） mg/L.地表河流水中重金属产生的健康风险较高,化学致癌物（Cr）的健康风险值高于化学非致癌物质（Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni）5-6个数量级,化学非致癌物质产生的健康风险均值大小为Pb〉Cu〉Zn〉Ni.地表河流水相关性及主成分分析表明,花垣县主要地表河流水中6种重金属元素由3个主成分组成,第一主成分Fe与Ni的贡献率为33.28%,主要来源于内源;第二主成分Cu与Cr的贡献率为26.98%,主要来源于重金属采选与冶炼企业产生的工业外排废水或雨水淋溶矿物废渣;第三主成分Zn的贡献率为17.10%,来源于地球化学行为.本研究表明湘西花垣县主要地表河流水由重金属引起的健康风险值较高,优先控制顺序为Cr〉Pb〉Cu〉Zn〉Ni.To study heavy metal pollution and assess the health risk of river water in Huayuan County, Xiangxi, Hunan Province, 11 water samples were collected from the Huayuan River and Brother Rivers in August and December 2016. Heavy metal（Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni） concentrations were determined from the samples. The health risk assessment model recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency（USEPA） was applied to assess the health risk of heavy metals in the main surface waters of Huayuan County. The results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals（Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni） of surface water in the research area were 2.57 × 10^（-3）, 4.66 × 10-4, 1.65 × 10^（-3）, 6.27 × 10^（-4）, 0.19, and 8.50 × 10^（-4） mg/L, respectively. The health risk of surface waters with heavy metals was high. Therefore, the chemical carcinogenic substance（Cr） health risk index was five or six times higher than that of chemical non-carcinogens（Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni）. The average health risk indices of non-carcinogenic substances were in the order Pb〉 Cu〉 Zn〉 Ni. The correlation and principal component analysis of surface water showed that the six heavy metal elements were composed of three main components in the main surface waters of the county. The first principal component was comprised of Fe and Ni（33.28%）, which was mainly from internal pollution. The second component was comprised of Cu and Cr（26.98%）, which was primarily due to industrial waste water, rainwater leaching mineral waste produced by heavy metal mining, and smelting enterprises. The third component, resulting from geochemical pollution, was Zn（17.10%）. The health risk indices triggered by heavy metal in surface waters was high. Heavy metal pollutants in the research area need to be controlled in the order Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni.

关 键 词：湘西花垣 地表河流水 重金属含量 风险评价 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820.4