哈尔滨市群众性有氧健身操对居民身心健康的促进作用  

Promoting effects of aerobic exercise on physical and mental health of residents in Harbin

作　　者：张莉莉[1] 蔡路[1] 王颖[1] 李凯文 ZHANG Li-li;CAI Lu;WANG Ying;LI Kai-wen(Harbin Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin,Heilong fiang 150056, China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150056

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2018年第3期392-394,416,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

摘　　要：目的了解哈尔滨群众性有氧健身操对居民身心健康的促进作用,为有关部门推进健康生活方式,制定有效支持环境策略提供依据。方法采用典型方便抽样的方法,对有氧健身操普及比较好的八区十县(市)的2 000名居民进行统一问卷调查和现场观察、访谈。结果在调查的2 000名居民中,有高血压患者386人(19.3%),糖尿病患者98人(4.9%)。高血压患者锻炼前后的血压收缩压与舒张压分别下降5.3mm Hg和4.6mm Hg(P<0.01);糖尿病患者餐后血糖平均下降1.39mol/L(P<0.05);静息心率平均下降11.3次/分钟,肺活量平均增加580m L,变化有统计学意义(P<0.01);体重比参与前平均降低6.8kg,腰围减少5.6cm,臀围减少4.4cm(P<0.01);44.3%的人认为跳操后胃肠功能明显改善。被调查者中49.4%认为跳操后睡眠质量提高,90.1%感觉食欲增强,48.6%自评反应能力增强,43.4%认为注意力增强,35.8%感觉记忆力明显改善;被调查者中有458名处于更年期,其中更年期症状有改善的占89.3%,明显改善的占51.2%,有些改善的占43.3%。结论群众性有氧健身操对改善居民身心健康状况有促进作用,效果肯定,值得普及推广,但需要专业部门规范化管理与健康指导。Objective To understand the effects of aerobic exercise on physical and mental health of residents in Harbin,to promote healthy lifestyle for the relevant departments and provide evidence for developing effective environmental strategies.Methods Two thousand residents from eight districts and ten counties（ cities） where aerobic fitness exercise more popular were investigated by the method of typical convenience sampling. Results Physiological indexes of two thousand residents were surveyed,386 had hypertension（ 19. 3%） and 98 had diabetes（ 4. 9%）. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension before and after exercise decreased by 5. 3 mm Hg and 4. 6 mm Hg（ P〈0. 01）,respectively. Postprandial blood glucose levels in diabetic patients decreased by an average of 1. 39 mol/L（ P〈0. 05）. Resting heart rate decreased by an average of 11. 3 times per minute,the vital capacity increased by an average of 580 m L,and the change was significant（ P〈0. 01）. The weight decreased 6. 8 kg,waist circumference decreased 5. 6 cm,hip circumference reduced 4. 4 cm（ P〈0. 01） than before participating in. 44. 3% of residents thought that the gastrointestinal function improved markedly after exercise. 49. 4% of residents believed that improving the quality of sleep after exercise,90. 1% felt increased appetite,48. 6% reaction ability enhanced,43. 4% increased attention,35. 8% felt that memory improved significantly. In the survey,458 of them were in the menopause,among which the menopause symptoms improvement was 89. 3%,significantly improved 51. 2%,some improvements accounted for 43. 3%. Conclusion Mass aerobic exercise can improve the physical and mental health of residents. The effect is positive,and it is worth popularizing,but it needs to standardize the management of professional departments and health guidance.

关 键 词：有氧运动 慢性病 健康管理 教育能力 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]