技术创业者的创业学习:学习目标与学习方式变革——基于新生创业者的多案例研究  

Technology Entrepreneurs' Entrepreneurial Learning:Learning Goals and Dynamic Changes of Learning Styles——Based on the Case Study of Nascent Entrepreneurs

作　　者：单标安[1] 李文玉 鲁喜凤 汤淑琴[3] Shan Biaoan;Li Wenyu;Lu Xifeng;Tang Shuqin(School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China;School of Accounting, Jilin University of Finance and Economics, Changchun 130117, China;School of Economics and Management, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学管理学院,长春130022 [2]吉林财经大学会计学院,长春130117 [3]东华理工大学经济与管理学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《外国经济与管理》2018年第6期17-28,共12页Foreign Economics & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71402064;71602028);吉林大学哲学社会科学青年学术骨干支持计划(2015FRGG11)

摘　　要：技术创业因具有较高的成长潜力,受到政府政策的大力支持以及风险投资机构的青睐。技术和市场双重不确定性带来了技术创业活动的高失败率,因此在新企业创建及早期成长过程中,技术创业者需要利用创业学习以解决面临的不确定性。然而,这一理论问题被现有研究所忽略。基于此,本研究探讨技术创业过程中创业者创业学习的目标、学习方式及其动态变革。通过对四家技术型企业的多案例研究发现,市场与技术不匹配、管理经验缺失等是技术创业者进行创业学习的关键动因,新生创业者主要通过观察学习和实践学习以获得相应的市场知识、技术知识和管理知识。同时,本文还发现创业者自信心对于创业初期学习方式的选择发挥重要作用,自信心强的创业者在创业之初倾向于选择实践学习,并且创业学习存在一定惯性,关键事件的出现会打破惯性推动创业者改变和优化学习方式。本文针对技术创业者创业学习问题的研究有助于弥补已有理论不足,并指导创业者在技术创业活动过程中灵活运用创业学习方式以成功创业。Technology entrepreneurship is the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities that are technology intensive and high-growth potential. More importantly, there is technological uncertainty and market uncertainty in the process. Due to the lack of relevant experiences, especially lack of marketing skills and management skills, most entrepreneurial activities end with failure. Therefore, in the process of new venture start-up and early growth, technological entrepreneurs need to leverage entrepreneurial learning to cope with the uncertainty. However, this theoretical problem has been neglected by the existing research. Especially, how do many technology entrepreneurs who have no entrepreneurial experience learn？ Their learning motivation and the changes of learning styles are yet to be further studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to answer these issues by using multiple case studies. Based on a systematic analysis of the existing theoretical literature on entrepreneurial learning, technology entrepreneurship, and other related literature, this paper uses four technological new ventures and provides with three findings. Firstly, the mismatch between markets and technologies, and the lack of managerial experiences are key drivers to trigger technological entrepreneurs to learn. Secondly, the nascent entrepreneurs acquire the related market knowledge, technology knowledge and managerial knowledge mainly through action learning and observational learning. Thirdly, this paper also finds that entrepreneurs＇ self-confidence plays a key role in the selection of learning styles at the beginning of entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurs with strong self-confidence tend to choose action learning at the beginning of entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs＇ learning promotes the formation of routing, and critical events will break the routing and trigger entrepreneurs to optimize learning styles. There are three theoretical contributions in this research. Firstly, we reveal the learning goals of technological

关 键 词：创业学习 关键事件 技术创业 创业者 案例研究 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]