民事证明责任本质的再认识——以《民事诉讼法》第112条为分析对象  

Re-understanding of the Nature of the Civil Burden of Proof——Analysis of Article 112 of the Civil Procedure Law

作　　者：李浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2018年第4期94-101,共8页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：南京师范大学法治现代化研究院"司法规律与中国特色司法制度研究"项目

摘　　要：证明责任制度是现代司法制度的有机组成部分。理论界对证明责任本质的认识经历了从主观证明责任到客观证明责任的深化。主观证明责任从当事人的视角解释证明责任,将这一制度解释为当事人就所主张的事实向法院提供证据进行证明的责任,客观证明责任从裁判者的视角解释证明责任,把这一制度解释为法官在适用法律过程中用于克服要件事实真伪不明的裁判规则。法官适用《民事诉讼法》第112条处置疑似虚假诉讼案件,是法官主动提出可能是虚假诉讼的假设,然后依职权收集证据进行确认,如果最终是否为虚假诉讼无法确定,法官就不能适用第112条驳回诉讼请求并对当事人进行制裁。这表明法官适用了证明责任的裁判规则,同时也表明证明责任可以与当事人的主张无关、与当事人提供证据的责任无关。正是在这一过程中,证明责任的本质得到了充分体现。the system of proof of liability is an integral part of the modern judicial system. The theoretical community understanding has gone from the burden of subjective proof to the burden of objective proof. The burden of subjective proof explains the burden of proof from the perspective of the parties, which interprets it as the responsibility of the parties to pro- vide evidence to the court in support of the facts claimed, but the burden of objective proof explains the burden of proof from the judge＇ s perspective, which interprets it to overcome the rules of refereeing the truth of the facts in the process of applying the law. Judges dispose of suspected false litigation cases in accordance with Article 112 of the Civil Procedure I,aw which is the premise that judges proactively propose that they may be false lawsuits. And then they collect and confirm the evidence according to the legal power. If a false litigation is ultimately uncertain, the judge cannot apply Article 112 to reject the claim and to sanction the parties. This shows that the judge has applied the referee rule of proof responsibility, and also shows that the proof responsibility can not be related to the party＇s claim and has nothing to do with the party＇s responsibility to provide evidence. It is in this process that the nature of the burden of proof is fully reflected.

关 键 词：《民诉法》第112条 主观证明责任 客观证明责任 证明责任本质 

分 类 号：DF72[政治法律—诉讼法学]