不同饲粮轮作模式生物质、粗蛋白生产潜力和氨排放研究  

Production Potentials of Biomass and Crude Protein,and Ammonia Volatilizations Under Different Forage-Crop Rotations

作　　者：杨羚[1] 廖文华[1] 高志岭[1] 王森[1] 张金瑞 赵英杰 YANG Ling;LIAO Wenhua;GAO Zhiling;WANG Sen;ZHANG Jinrui;ZHAO Yingjie(College of Resource and Environment Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第2期312-320,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41675151)

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了不同作物轮作模式中生物质、粗蛋白生产潜力和氨排放,以探讨粮改饲进程中较优的种植模式。以冬小麦—夏玉米(W-SuM)轮作为基准,探讨了华北地区黑麦草—夏玉米(R-SuM)、黑麦草—春玉米(R-SpM)、黑麦草—双季玉米(R-DM)和双季玉米(DM)4种轮作体系的干物质、粗蛋白的生产潜力和氨气排放。结果表明:黑麦草—双玉米轮作模式较好,干物质年产量和粗蛋白含量分别达到31 012,2 529kg/hm^2,比常规冬小麦—夏玉米体系分别增加了14.3%,8.2%;不同轮作模式下氨排放量为13.43~23.77kg/hm^2,占肥料氮素投入的4.2%~5.6%,排放顺序为R-DM>W-SuM>R-SpM>R-SuM>DM;不同轮作模式氨排放的时间分布特征也存在明显差异,双玉米轮作体系(DM)的氨挥发主要发生在夏季,其夏季贡献率明显高于其他4种轮作模式。黑麦草—双玉米轮作体系在粗蛋白和干物质产量上可能具有较高的生产潜力。To optimize the management practices during the transition period ‘Grain for forage＇in North China,the production potentials of biomass and crude protein and the ammonia（NH3）emissions under 4 different rotations were investigated with field experiment.A field experiment including 5 crop rotations was conducted,of which the traditional winter wheat-summer maize rotation（W-SuM）was considered the reference to evaluate the production potentials of biomass and crude protein in other rotations such as ryegrass-summer maize（R-SuM）,ryegrass-spring maize（R-SpM）,ryegrass-double summer maize（R-DM）and double summer maize（DM）,and their NH3 emissions were also measured in situ with Draeger-tube method（DTM）.Results indicated that among the 5 crop rotations,the R-DM rotation had the greatest biomass（31 012 kg/hm2）and crude protein（2 529 kg/hm2）production,which were 14.3% and 8.2% greater respectively than those in the W-SuM rotation.The annual NH3 volatilizations from these rotations ranged from 13.43 to 23.77 kg/hm2,accounting for 4.2%-5.6% of their N applications,which were both in an order of R-DM〉W-SuM〉R-SpM〉R-SuM〉DM.Meanwhile,the seasonal distributions of NH3 emissions under different rotations differed,e.g.the contribution of NH3 volatilization in summer season in DM rotation was much greater than those in other rotations.The ryegrass-double summer maize rotation was high likely to produce the greater biomass and crude protein.

关 键 词：粮改饲 轮作体系 生物质 粗蛋白 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S143.12[农业科学—肥料学] S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]