我国饲用草产品加工技术的现状及展望  

The present situation and prospect of the processing technology of forage grass in China

作　　者：钟瑾[1,2] 倪奎奎 杨军香 玉柱[4] 陶勇[1,2] Jin Zhong;Kuikui Ni;Junxiang Yang;Zhu Yu;Yong Tao(Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Institute of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;The National Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100125, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所国家微生物资源前期开发重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049 [3]全国畜牧总站,北京100125 [4]中国农业大学动物科技学院草业科学系,北京100193

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第17期1677-1685,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院科技服务网络计划重点项目(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-004);中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-101); 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503134)资助

摘　　要：近年来,随着人民生活水平的快速提高,我国对畜产品的需求不断增加,同时也引发我国饲草尤其是优质饲草供应不足的问题.饲用草产品加工是整个草牧业链条中连接草种植业和畜养殖业的桥梁,通过对饲草原料加工调制,可以改变原先饲草的体积和理化性质,便于饲草贮藏、运输和动物采食,减少资源浪费,保证饲草均衡供应.先进的饲用草产品加工技术还可进一步提升饲草品质,有力促进现代草牧业的健康快速发展.本文从饲用草产品加工特别是青贮加工技术的概念、加工技术的应用并结合国内外研究现状,系统阐述饲用草产品加工技术的研究进展及未来研究方向,为饲用草产品加工的进一步升级提供理论指导.In recent years,with the rapid improvement of Chinese people’s living standards,the demand of animal products is increasing greatly,which leads to significant shortage in supply of forage especially high-quality forage.The insufficient supply of forage especially high-quality feed blocks the further promotion of animal husbandry.In China,the area of grassland accounts for 42%of the total land area,which is critical for animal husbandry.However,a gap exists between grass and livestock.Grass products such as silage and hay,are the bridge connecting grass cultivation and animal husbandry.Besides,processing technology of grass products is able to solve the question that the excess utilization of the winter-spring pasture and the imbalance of forage grass with the livestock.Therefore,we proposed that grass products processing is the key factor of promoting the development of farming and animal husbandry,it can adjust the balance of grass supply of all years,and guarantee the modern development of animal husbandry.Although great improvement has already been obtained in the processing technology of grass products,the level still is quite low compared with developed countries.Firstly,there is a lack of systematic research related to processing technology,which directly causes the low quality of grass products and weak market competition.Secondly,the machinery equipment associated with forage harvesting and processing in our country are heavily dependent on imports,its high price limits the mechanized production of grass.The physical and chemical characteristics of grass can be improved through processing modulation of grasses,contributing to the efficiency of their storage,transportation and feeding.Of the many kinds of grass products,we highlighted the importance of silage and its additives.Additives are natural or industrial products added in rather large quantities to the forage or grain mass.Additives control or prevent certain types of fermentation,thus reducing losses and improving silage stability.In order to as

关 键 词：草牧业 饲用草产品加工 青贮饲料 青贮添加剂 

分 类 号：S816.9[农业科学—饲料科学]