全基因组测序在重要家畜上的研究进展  

Research Progress on Whole-genome Sequencing on Important Domesticated Animals

作　　者：李晓凯[1] 王贵 乔贤 范一星[1] 张磊[1] 马宇浩 聂瑞雪 王瑞军[1,3] 何利兵 苏蕊 LI Xiao-kai;WANG Gui;QiAO Xian;FAN Yi-xing;ZHANG Lei;MA Yu-hao;NIE Rui-xue;WANG Rui-jun;HE Li-bing;SU Rui(College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018;Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010018;Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018;Agriculture Department , Hetao College , University Road , Linhe District , Bayannaoer 015000;Inner Mongolia Jinlai Livestock Technology Co. Ltd, Hohhot 010018)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]河套学院农学系 [3]内蒙古金莱牧业科技有限责任公司,呼和浩特010018 [4]农业部肉羊遗传育种重点实验室,呼和浩特010018 [5]内蒙古自治区山羊遗传育种工程技术研究中心,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2018年第6期11-21,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660639); 国家绒毛用羊现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-40-05); 内蒙古自治区研究生教育创新计划资助项目(B020171012901Z)

摘　　要：全基因组测序研究主要包括通过不同测序技术和组装比对方法,获得某物种的全基因组序列图谱,及在此基础上构建物种全基因组遗传变异图谱进行个体或群体遗传多样性、选择信号或起源进化等方面的研究。利用单核苷酸多态性(SNP)、插入和缺失(Indel)和拷贝数变异(CNV)等遗传变异作为分子标记,全基因组测序研究已经在家畜起源进化、驯化、适应性机制、重要经济性状候选基因、群体历史动态等方面取得了许多重要的研究成果。本文主要对近几年全基因组测序在常见家畜(猪、马、牛、羊等及其近缘物种)的取得的重要研究成果进行了综述,并讨论了全基因组测序的优势、缺点及在生产中意义。此外,对基因组测序研究的未来发展进行了归纳及展望,以期为今后家畜重要经济性状的功能基因定位和物种起源、驯化研究提供参考。Whole-genome sequencing mainly refers to obtain the full genome sequence map of a species through different sequencing and assembly alignment method,and based on it to explore their genetic diversity,selection signal,and the origin and evolution of representative individuals or groups by constructing whole-genome genetic variation map. Using single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）,insertion and deletion（Indel）and copy number variation（CNV）genetic variation as molecular markers,the studies on whole-genome sequencing has been achieved a lot in the origin and evolution of domestic animal,domestication,adaptive mechanism,candidate genes for important economic traits,and population demographic. This paper focuses on the key achievements of whole-genome sequencing on common domesticated animals（such as pig,horse,cattle,sheep,goat,and closely-related species）,and discusses the advantages,disadvantages and significance of whole-genome sequencing in production. In addition,this paper summarizes and prospects the future development of researches on whole-genome sequencing. And we also hope to provide a reference for mapping functional genes with important economic traits and the origin domestication of domesticated animals.

关 键 词：全基因组测序 遗传变异 功能基因 单核苷酸多态性 

分 类 号：S813[农业科学—畜牧学]