基于分数阶小波域GSM模型的地震信号随机噪声压制方法  

Random noise attenuation method of seismic signal based on the fractional order wavelet domain GSM model

作　　者：汪金菊[1] 李青[1] 徐小红[2] 曹丽[1] WANG JinJu;LI Qing;XU XiaoHong;CAO Li(School of Mathematics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学数学学院,合肥230009 [2]合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院,合肥230009

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2018年第7期2989-2997,共9页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家重大科研装备研制项目"深部资源探测核心装备研发"(ZDYZ2012-1)-06子项目"金属矿地震探测系统"-05课题"系统集成野外试验与处理软件研发";中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(JS2017HGXJ0043);国家自然科学基金(11401156)共同资助

摘　　要：地震信号中的随机噪声是一种干扰波,严重降低了地震信号的信噪比,并影响着资料的后续处理和分析.本文根据地震信号中有效信号和随机噪声的差异,结合分数阶B样条小波变换与高斯尺度混合模型提出了一种地震信号随机噪声压制方法.首先利用分数阶B样条小波变换将含噪地震信号映射到最优分数阶小波时频域内,然后对各小波子带系数分别建立高斯尺度混合模型,由贝叶斯方法估计出源地震信号小波系数,最后使用分数阶B样条小波逆变换重构得到降噪后的地震信号.利用本文方法对合成地震记录和实际地震信号进行降噪处理,实验结果表明本文方法能够有效地压制地震信号中的随机噪声,并且较好地保留了有效信号.Random noise is a kind of interference wave,which reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic signal.It also affects the subsequent data processing and analysis of the seismic signal.According to the differences of the effective signal and the random noise,this paper puts forward a new method combining the fractional order B spline wavelet transform with Gaussian Scale Mixture model to attenuate the random noise of the seismic signal.Firstly,the seismic signal is transformed into the optimal factional wavelet time-frequency domain using the fractional order B spline wavelet.Gaussian Scale Mixture model is set up for each sub-band coefficients.Bayesian method is used to estimate the wavelet coefficients of the original seismic signal.Finally,the denoised seismic signal can be reconstructed using the fractional order B spline wavelet inverse transform.Through experiments on synthetic records and the field seismic signal,the results demonstrate that the proposed method can attenuate random noise of the seismic signal effectively.

关 键 词：地震信号 随机噪声 分数阶B样条小波 高斯尺度混合模型 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]