反思民族国家的内外观:宪法和国际法的视角  

Rethinking Nation-State through Constitutional and International Law:An Inward and Outward Perspective

作　　者：孔元[1] Kong Yuan(Tsinghua Institute for AdvancedStudy in Humanities and Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文与社会科学高等研究所

出　　处：《开放时代》2018年第4期113-128,共16页Open Times

基　　金：中信改革发展研究基金会课题"中国宪法研究"(项目号:G1604)阶段性成果

摘　　要：当下的中西宪法理论,都是以民族国家为政治前提的,它一方面将世界历史建构为一个从帝国向民族国家的单向运动,进而将政治共同体建构在高度同质的人民想象之中;另一方面又通过人民制宪的政治行动,为成文宪法赋予价值和功能。通过追溯西方民族国家和宪法政治的生成,本文试图阐述这种以同质人民/民族为政治前提的政治想象,使其无法处理多元性和差异性的帝国问题。这使得西方世界将国际法视为同步进行的帝国建设的重要方式,并发展出殖民政治、条约关系宪法化、全球宪法等多种建构路径,但由于这些建构路径无法摆脱民族国家的思维定式,它们最终都归于失败。了解这一历史进程,有利于我们深化对中国近代立宪史的认识。在帝国和民族国家建设的双重视野中考察中国立宪史,将成为中国宪法和国际法理论未来的新动向。The current Chinese and Western constitutional theories invariably take the nation-state as the political premise. On the one hand,they construct the world history as a one-way movement from empire to nationstate,and then put this political community on the basis of a highly homogeneous people. On the other hand,they justify the value and function of the constitution by virtue of the constitution-making power of the people.By tracing the origins of the western nation-states and their constitutional politics,this article argues that the premise of people or national homogeneity neglects the diversity and heterogeneity of the empire. As a result,international law is used as an important tool for empire building,from which various constructive paths,such as colonial politics,constitutionalization of treaty relationship and global constitution,are developed. However,as these constructive paths cannot get rid of the harness of the nation-state premise,they eventually fail. Understanding this historical process will give us some insight into China's modern constitutional history. To analyze the history of China's constitution-making in the context of the interaction between the empire and the nation-state will become a new trend.

关 键 词：帝国 民族国家 成文宪法 条约关系宪法化 全球宪法 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]