构式语法应用于汉语研究的若干思考  

Some reflections on the application of Construction Grammar in Chinese studies

作　　者：张伯江 Zhang Bojiang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,100732

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2018年第4期1-11,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：本文基于2014年12月在北京大学“构式语法理论与汉语构式知识库建设学术研讨会”上的报告,后来先后在复旦大学、中国人民大学、西北师范大学、上海财经大学、北京语言大学、炯台大学等院校以讲座形式听取意见,对所有参与讨论并提出宝贵意见的师友表示由衷的感谢.

摘　　要：构式语法在我国语法研究的现代意识比较成熟的时机引入汉语学界,成果斐然,但仍然存在一些问题。回顾起来,前辈汉语学者的一些经典研究中就已经有构式意识,为我们深化构式思考提供了范本。现代构式语法基于认知语言学的基本原则,重视句式格局的平行性,在解释特殊格式的特殊语义方面有明显的优势。构式方法对汉语语法研究的推动意义,首先体现在把握汉语"话题—说明"结构的本质,其次可以结合其他学说观点,使汉语句式研究日益精准,不断深化。Construction Grammar was introduced into China 20 years ago when Chinese scholars＇ modern linguistic consciousness grew mature and intensive, and has since then a- chieved great results in solving Chinese grammatical problems. To push relative research into the depth, some reflections on its application to Chinese language studies at this point be- come necessary. The following four aspects need to be noticed. First, some of the classical studies demand special attention, which not only reveal the explicit awareness of the early scholars to construction, but also show their down-to-earth attitude toward the special fea- tures of Chinese language. Second, parallelism of constructions, a basic principle of cognitive linguistics, should be emphasized. Only in this way can Construction Grammar, based on cognitive linguistics, show its obvious advantage in explaining special semantics of special constructions. Third, the study of Construction Grammar calls for further attention to the interactions between components within a construction. Finally, it should be particularly stressed that the essence of Chinese ＂topic-comment＂ structure, combined with inspirations from other theories, will make Chinese construction studies more accurate and illuminating.

关 键 词：构式 认知 平行性 系统性 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]