黑龙江流域湿地过去百年水位变化历史及驱动机制  

A 100-YEAR HISTORY OF WATER LEVEL CHANGE AND DRIVING MECHANISM IN HEILONGJIANG RIVER BASIN WETLANDS

作　　者：鲍锟山 邢伟 宋理洪 李鸿凯 刘汉向 王国平[5] Bao Kunshan;Xing Wei;Song Lihong;Li Hongkai;Liu Hanxiang;Wang Guoping(State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu;School of Geographical Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan;College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou;Institute for Peat and Mire, School of Geographical Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin;Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, Jilin)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所、湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]信阳师范学院地理科学学院,河南信阳464000 [3]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [4]东北师范大学地理科学学院、泥炭沼泽研究所,吉林长春130024 [5]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所、湿地生态与环境重点实验室,吉林长春130102

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2018年第4期981-995,共15页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（批准号：2016YFA0602300）、国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41661144004）和国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目（批准号：201504910625）共同资助

摘　　要：在黑龙江流域上游图强、中游友好和下游洪河湿地采集3个典型泥炭剖面，基于210Pb/137Cs法建立剖面年代学框架，利用有壳变形虫指标，借助转换函数法定量重建人类世以来流域湿地水位变化历史，并探讨其可能的影响因素。研究发现，黑龙江流域图强、友好和洪河湿地泥炭柱芯年代均涵盖了人类世的时间尺度，且不同区域湿地中有壳变形虫的物种组成呈现显著的空间差异。根据约束聚类结果，黑龙江流域湿地水位变化可划分为3个阶段：1）人类世早期（1915年左右），黑龙江流域湿地生境较为湿润，有壳变形虫以喜湿物种为主，如附石/泥炭藓截口虫（Heleopera petricola/sphagni）、凤蝶茄壳虫（Hyalosphenia papilio）等，但水位埋深逐渐增加，湿地生境呈现变干的趋势。区域气候变化是影响湿地水位变化的主要因素。2）1915～1990年左右，黑龙江流域湿地水位变化呈现显著的空间差异，图强湿地水位埋深显著降低，喜湿物种增加，以指示湿润生境的凤蝶茄壳虫（Hyalosphenia papilio）、针棘匣壳虫类（Centropyxis aculeata type）为主；而友好和洪河湿地水位埋深逐渐增加，湿地持续变干，指示湿润环境的物种显著减少，指示干燥环境的顶足法帽虫（Phryganella acropodia）、小匣三角嘴虫（Trigonopyxis arcula）、苔藓鳞盖虫（Assulina muscorum）丰度增大。图强和友好湿地因人类活动影响较弱，区域气候变化仍然是湿地水位变化的主要驱动因素，而洪河湿地水位则受人类活动的显著影响。3）1990年以来，黑龙江流域湿地水位变化因受人类活动的显著影响，上游和中游湿地水位埋深增加，湿地生境持续变干，顶足法帽虫（Phryganella acropodia）、苔藓鳞盖虫（Assulina muscorum）和半空鳞盖虫（Assulina seminulum）占优势；而下游湿地因农田开垦，农田退水使其水位埋深呈现降低的�In this study, three typical peat cores were collected from Tuqiang（TQ） of Great Hinggan Mountain, Youhao（YH） of Small Hinggan Mountain and Honghe（HH） of Sanjiang Plain wetlands, in the upper, middle and lower streams of Heilongjiang River basin（HRB） of Northeast China. The peat cores were around 50 cm in length and were dated back 100 years by 210Pb and 137Cs techniques. A high-resolution analysis of testate amoebae was conducted using a sieving procedure with Lycopodium spore addition. Based on a built paleohydrology transfer function in Northeast China, the 100-year history of water level change was reconstructed in HRB wetlands, and the possible affecting factors were also discussed. Results showed that the ages of the TQ, YH and HH cores covered the time scale of the Anthropocene. In the different areas of the upper, middle and lower streams, there were significant spatial differences in the testate amoebae species. The constrained clustering results showed that the history of water level change in HRB wetlands could be divided to three periods：1） the early Anthropocene（approximately 1915）, the wetland habitat was relatively humid and the testate amoebae were dominant with the ＂humid＂ species, e.g., Heleopera petricola/sphagni, Hyalosphenia papilio. However, the depth to water table（DWT） gradually increased, indicating a drought trend of the wetland habitat. In this period, the regional climate change would be the controlling factor of wetland water table. 2） During 1915～1990, the variations of wetland water levels showed significant difference in the upper, middle and lower streams. At TQ wetland, the decreasing DWT indicated an increasing humid habitat, and the ＂humid＂ species like Hyalosphenia papilio and Centropyxis aculeata type increased. However, at YH and HH wetlands, the DWT increased and the habitat became drier. The ＂humid＂ species significantly decreased and the ＂arid＂ species including Phryganella acropodia, Trigonopyxis arcula, Assulina muscorum i

关 键 词：有壳变形虫 人类世 水位变化 泥炭地 东北地区 

分 类 号：Q959.212[生物学—动物学] Q958