管制、共治与组合:环境政策工具新思考  

Regulation,Co-governance and Combination: New Insight of Environmental Policy Instruments

作　　者：丰月 冯铁拴[2] FENG Yue;FENG Tieshuan(Institute of Environmental Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,Chin;School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第4期50-57,共8页Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Social Sciences)

摘　　要：环境治理外部从政府绝对主导走向政府、市场和社会多元共治,内部从治理工具的单一命令-控制走向行政管制与市场激励、公众参与并行是必然的发展路径。环境政策工具的固有缺陷并非是导致环境治理遭遇困境而看似无解的根本原因,其突破点在于运用工具组合产物的独立特性。在组合环境政策工具时需要考虑工具特性、政策目标、制度能力和成本控制的影响。目前总体上要以灵活而非传统僵化的政府管制为主,信息公开、公众参与及参与式环境教育贯穿始终,善用、慎用市场刺激手段。具体到水污染防治领域,源头防控、污染治理、责任执行的不同层面需联通各个工具的不同功能并根据客观情况适时调整,要发挥工具组合的独特效用。It is an inevitable path of development that the outward environmental governance changes from governmental domination togovernmental,marketable and social co-governance while the internal tools changes from single command-control to the pluralism of ad-ministrative control, market incentives and public participation. The inherent flaws of environmental policy instruments are not the rootcause of environmental dilemma which seems unsolved. The breakthrough point lies in the use of the independent properties of the com-bination of tools that the individual tools themselves do not have. Tooling characteristics, policy objectives, institutional capacity andcost control need to be taken into account of the combination. At present, it is necessary to adopt a flexible instead of traditional rigidgovernmental control. Information disclosure, public participation and participatory environmental education should be throughout theuse and market incentives should be used with caution. In the field of water pollution, levels of prevention and control at their source,pollution control and the implementation of responsibility require the link of various functions of various tools and timely adjustment ac-cording to the objective situation, so as to give full play to a special utility of tool combination.

关 键 词：管制 市场 共治 环境政策工具 组合 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]