新型多年生饲草玉草5号的生长动态及刈割期的研究  

Growth dynamics and optimum harvest period of the forage grass Yucao No.5

作　　者：李华雄[1,2] 蒋维明 吴子周 李影正 程明军 杨世鹏 孙汝龙[1] 严旭 张红芬 杨敏 荣廷昭[1] 周树峰 吴元奇 曹墨菊[1] 唐祈林[1] LI Hua -xiong;JIANG Wei- ruing;WU Zi -zhou;LI Ying- zheng;CHENG Ming- Jun;YANG Shi -peng;SUN Ru- long;YAN Xu;ZHANG Hong -fen;YANG Min;RONG Ting -zhao;ZHOU Shu-feng;WU Yuan -qi;CAO Mo -ju;TANG Qi- lin(Maize Research Institute,Sichuan Agriculture University,Wenjiang 611130,China;Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Neijiang 641000,China;Chengdu Agricultural College,Wenjiang 611130,China;General Grassland Station of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610041,China;Zigong Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Zigong 643000,China;Sericulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,China;The Coraprehensive Agricultural Service Center of Changhu Tozvn in Shilin County,Kunming 652203,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学玉米研究所,四川温江611130 [2]四川省内江市农业科学院,四川内江641000 [3]成都农业科技职业学院,四川温江611130 [4]四川省草原工作总站,四川成都610041 [5]四川省自贡市农业科学研究所,四川自贡643000 [6]四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所,四川南充637000 [7]石林县长湖镇农业综合服务中心,云南昆明652203

出　　处：《草业学报》2018年第6期34-42,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：973项目(2014CB13870);国家自然科学基金项目(31371640);四川省饲草育种攻关项目资助

摘　　要：本试验对玉草5号(玉淇淋58,MTPP-58)不同生长阶段的生长速率、物质积累与分配、营养成分进行研究。试验结果表明,玉草5号的株高、分蘖、鲜(干)产量、茎叶比和水分含量动态变化均符合Logistic模型;从分蘖期至抽雄始期,饲草产量和茎叶比值逐渐增加,而水分含量、营养价值呈逐渐降低趋势。在抽雄始期,鲜、干草产量分别达96.607和14.768t·hm-2,粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(CA)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量分别为11.37%、2.87%、7.95%、52.01%和31.53%,相对饲用价值(RFV)为115.90%;在吐丝期,干草产量和蛋白质产量都维持在较高水平,同时全株水分含量较低。比较表明,既获得较高饲草产量和营养价值且利于第2茬生长,玉草5号作为青饲在抽雄始期收割最佳;在吐丝期刈割有利于青贮。玉草5号的生产示范表明,在西南资阳乐至县和自贡大安区示范点第一年刈割一茬鲜草产量在77.758~89.207t·hm-2之间,第二年对大安区点刈割了3茬,产量可达109.410t·hm^(-2)。实践表明,新型高产优质多年生饲用作物"玉草5号"适宜在西南及南方"种草养畜"地区种植,具有极大的生产潜力与广阔的应用前景。Yucao No.5（Tripsazea creammaize）is a new type of perennial forage grass that combines the desirable characteristics of maize,Zea perennis and Tripsacum dactyloides,such as luxuriant growth,a well-developed root system,numerous tillers,and good plant regeneration.To understand the growth dynamics of Yucao No.5 and determine the best harvest time,we investigated the growth rate,the fresh and dry matter accumulation and distribution at different stages,and the nutrient values in a field experiment.The results showed that some growth dynamics[plant height,tiller number,fresh（dry）matter yield,stem∶leaf ratio]of Yucao No.5 fitted a logistic model.From the tillering to initial tasseling stages,the yield and stem∶leaf ratio gradually increased,while the moisture content and nutrient value gradually decreased.At this stage,the fresh and hay yields of Yucao No.5 were 96.607 and 14.768 t·ha-1,respectively,while crude protein（CP）,ether extract（EE）,crude ash（CA）,neutral detergent fiber（NDF）,acid detergent fiber（ADF）,and relative feeding value（RFV）were 11.37%,2.87%,7.95%,52.01%,31.53%,and 115.90%,respectively.At the silking stage,the yields of hay and CP remained high and the moisture content was relatively low.To obtain greater biomass,nutritive value,and regeneration capacity,Yucao No.5 should be harvested as a green feed at the initial tasseling stage,and harvested to produce silage at the tasseling stage.Yucao No.5 production was evaluated at three sites in Sichuan,Southwest China.The fresh yields with one cutting in the first year ranged from 77.758 and89.207 t·ha-1,and the total fresh yield of three cuttings at Daan village was 109.411 t·ha-1 in the second year.The results of these field trials show that the new perennial forage grass Yucao No.5 has high yields and good quality,and is suitable for cultivation in the southwest and in the ＂forage-livestock＂region in southern China.This forage grass has great potential for production and broad application prospects.

关 键 词：玉草5号 生长动态 营养价值 刈割时期 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]