短丝木犀种子成熟过程中的超微结构观察  

Ultrastructure observation in the development of Osmanthus serrulatus seed mature

作　　者：杨国栋[1,2] 钱慧蓉 陈林 王贤荣[1,2] YANG Guodong;QIAN Huirong;CHEN Lin;WANG Xianrong(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China;College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2018年第8期19-25,34,共8页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31300558);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20130972);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);南京林业大学高学历人才基金项目(GXL201308)

摘　　要：短丝木犀Osmanthus serrulatus种子具有休眠习性,自然生境下有隔年萌发的现象,限制了短丝木犀种群的繁育和扩大。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)来揭示短丝木犀种子休眠产生的原因,探究其种子成熟过程中种皮结构和胚乳内含物的变化情况。研究结果表明:(1)扫描电镜观察发现,短丝木犀种子种皮表面和内部均含有蜡质,随着种子的发育成熟,蜡质积累形成蜡层,提高了种子对外界不良环境的抵御能力,也对种子吸水造成阻碍;(2)短丝木犀种子发育过程中,薄壁细胞逐渐分化为栅栏细胞,成熟种子的种皮由角质层、栅栏细胞层、薄壁细胞层3层结构组成。角质层和栅栏层影响了种皮透水、透气性,是造成短丝木犀种子休眠的因素之一;(3)透射电镜结果发现,短丝木犀种子发育初期,胚乳细胞内细胞器结构完整。随着种子发育,细胞器逐渐溶解,细胞核失水缩小,脂滴和脂蛋白的不断集合扩大,说明随着短丝木犀的自然成熟,大分子的贮藏物质也随之增加,导致种子物质代谢活动降低,是短丝木犀种子生理休眠的主要原因。The seed of Osmanthus serrulatus has dormancy habits, following years of germination phenomenon in natural habitats, which breed caused great obstacles.Seed coat development of Osmanthus serrulatus and the possible role of the mature seed coat in seed dormancy were studied by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that： （1） SEM found that luteolin short silk seed seed coat internal surfaces and contain wax, along with Seeds continues to mature, the wax is not short accumulated to form a layer of wax, to improve the poor environment of the outside world resilience, but also an impediment to the seeds absorb water. During seed development short wire Rcseda, progressively differentiate into palisade parenchyma cells cell, mature seed coat seeds Osmanthus short wire by the stratum comeum, palisade cell layer, three-layer structure composed of thin-walled cell layers. The slxatum comeum and the fence layer affect the penetration and permeability of the seed coat, which is one of the factors contributing to the dormancy of the seed. （2） TEM results showed that the initial short wire mignonette seed development, endosperm cells intact cell structure. With the development of the seed, the organelles gradually dissolve, the nuclear water loss shrinks, the accumulation of lipid droplets and lipoproteins grows, which shows that with the natural maturity of the short silk rhino, the macromolecule storage material also increases, resulting in decreased metabolic activity of the seed, is the main reason for the physiological dormancy of the seedling.

关 键 词：短丝木犀 种皮 胚乳 扫描电镜 超微结构 

分 类 号：S722.13[农业科学—林木遗传育种]