合同诈骗罪“兜底条款”的新认识——兼议连云港货代业骗逃运费案的罪与罚  

A New Interpretation of the Fall Back Provision in Crime of Contract Fraud——On the Punishment of Freight Fraud by Lianyungang Freight Forwarding Enterprise

作　　者：黄何[1] HUANG He(Law School,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第5期88-95,共8页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:"经济犯罪‘兜底条款’解释规则研究"(16BFX088)

摘　　要：连云港骗逃运费案的核心问题是如何理解合同诈骗罪的"兜底条款"即"其他方法"。这不仅要遵循"兜底条款"的解释规则,也要考虑经济领域诈骗的特殊性。通说将"兜底条款"当作"扩张条款"并同时主张限制解释的观点内在矛盾,缺乏理由。其实,"兜底条款"只是犯罪构成的另一种表述,本身并不具有扩张性。"示例+兜底"的立法模式本质是表达立法者设置"兜底条款"作为"限制条款"之意图,"兜底条款"的解释理应受到示例行为类型"最大公约数"的限制。合同诈骗罪保护的是合同秩序,而经济领域对秩序的要求不同于生活领域,只要合同实际被履行,欺诈并不涉及对合同秩序的彻底破坏。应区分履行合同的欺诈获利与假借合同之名的欺诈占有,无意履行合同的骗财是"其他方法"同类解释的标准。骗逃运费的行为未排除合同履行,不成立合同诈骗罪。The core problem of the case of Lianyungang＇s freight fraud is how to interpret the＂Fall Back Provisions＂in crime of contract fraud,the so-called＂Other Methods＂.This is not only to follow the rules of interpretation of the Fall Back Provisions,but also to consider the special nature of fraud in the economic field.The view which takes the Fall Back Provisions as an expanding provision and advocates restrictive interpretation simultaneously is controversial and groundless.In fact,the Fall Back Provisions are the same as the Committing crime and are not to be extended.The legislation model of referring to the previous case plus the Fall Back Provisions is to take the Fall Back Provisions as the＂restrictive provisions＂.Therefore,the interpretation of the Fall Back Provisions should be restricted by the greatest common divisor calculation approach in case analysis.Because the crime of contract fraud aims to protect contract order and the requirements for economic order are different from that in everyday life,fraud will not undermine the basic contract order as long as the contract is actually fulfilled.It is necessary to distinguish fraud in performance of contract and non-performance of contract.The interpretation of other methods should follow the rules of fraud in non-performance of contract.The case of freight fraud should be acquitted.

关 键 词：骗逃运费 合同诈骗 兜底条款 罪刑法定 限制解释 

分 类 号：DF623[政治法律—刑法学]