头颅移植的技术、伦理争议及其展望  

Head Transplantation Surgical Technique,Ethical Dispute and Prospect

作　　者：徐天启 张晓华[1] XU Tianqi;ZHANG Xiaohua(Department of Neurosurgery,Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200127,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经外科,上海200127

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2018年第8期993-997,共5页Chinese Medical Ethics

摘　　要：头颅移植的概念在器官移植发展早期就已提出。百余年来,器官移植相关技术日趋成熟,而头颅移植一直是器官移植领域的禁区。主要从头颅移植所面临的技术难题和伦理困惑进行相关回顾和展望,技术方面,回顾头颅移植相关的血管吻合技术研究取得的长足发展,以及在脊髓吻合、脊髓融合、神经通路重建、神经功能恢复、免疫抑制、疼痛控制等技术难点相关的理论发展及目前面临的难题;伦理方面,探讨头颅移植可能引发的移植后患者自我认知、法律地位界定、供体配子归属,以及供体器官分配公正等方面的伦理困惑。同时亦对头颅移植相关的新闻报道与评价进行了总结。The concept of head transplantation has been proposed in the early development of organ transplan- tation. For more than a hundred years, the techniques related to organ transplantation have become more mature, but head transplantation has always been a restricted area in the field of organ transplantation. This paper mainly reviewed and prospected from the technical difficulties and ethical puzzle faced by head transplantation. Technical- ly, this paper reviewed the rapid development of vascular anastomosis related to head transplantation and the theo- retical development and current problems related to technical difficulties such as spinal cord anastomosis, spinal fu- sion, neural pathway reconstruction, neurological function recovmT, immunosuppression, and pain control. Ethi- cally, this paper explored the possible ethical puzzle of post - transplantation patient sell＇ - recognition, the defini- tion of legal status, attribution of donor gametes, and the fair distribution of donor organs. This paper also summa- rized the news report and assessment related to head transplantation.

关 键 词：头颅移植 生命伦理 免疫抑制 脊髓融合 自我认知 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]