西北干旱区文冠果不同繁育技术研究  

Different Propagation Technologies for Xanthoceras sorbifolia in Arid Area of Northwest China

作　　者：柴春林[1,2] 柴春山 戚建莉 薛睿 芦娟 CHAI Chunlin;CHAI Chunshan;QI Jianli;XUE Rui;LU Juan(Experimental Forest Farm of Huzhu County,Huzhu,Qinghai 810500,China;Gansu Academy of Forestry Science ＆ Technology,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省互助县实验林场,青海互助810500 [2]甘肃省林业科学研究院,兰州730020

出　　处：《林业资源管理》2018年第3期101-106,共6页Forest Resources Management

基　　金：甘肃省技术研究与开发专项计划课题"文冠果优良单株选择及类型划分研究"(0912TCYA038);"甘肃文冠果良种复选及资源保存技术研究"(1305TCYA016);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题"陇中丘陵区生态恢复与经济能力提升技术与示范"(2015BC01B0002)

摘　　要：为了探寻适宜西北干旱区的文冠果繁殖方法与技术,以甘肃选择出的文冠果优良单株为繁殖材料,于2014—2016年对文冠果主要的苗木繁殖方法(播种繁殖、根插繁殖、嫁接繁殖)进行了对比试验研究。结果表明:1)根插繁殖的成活率最高,平均出苗率75.33%;其次是播种繁殖,达50%;嫁接繁殖成活率较差,为27.40%。说明根插和种子繁殖适宜文冠果大规模育苗;2)覆膜播种和大田直播的平均出苗率相差不大,分别为51.31%和51.10%。说明文冠果也可直接大田播种;3)覆膜播种和大田直播均存在出苗不整齐的现象;4)由于砧木质量和低温的影响,嫁接成活率较低。研究认为,在西北干旱、缺水和风大的环境条件下,文冠果最好覆膜播种,播前种子最好进行催芽处理;嫁接最好低位培土嫁接或套袋嫁接。In order to explore the suitable breeding technologies of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge in arid region of northwest China,a comparative study on main propagation methods （sowing propagation,rooting propagation,grafting propagation） of X.sorbifolia was conducted in 2014—2016 based on the reproductive materials of X.sorbifolia fine individuals selected in Gansu.The results showed that,1） The survival rate of rooting propagation was the highest,with an average survival rate of 75.33%;The average emergence rate of sowing propagation,reached 50%;The grafting propagation was worse and its average survival rate was only 27.40%.It showed that the rooting propagation and the sowing propagation were suitable for the large-scare breeding of X.sorbifolia .2） The seedling emergence rate was nearly the same for two different sowing methods of plastic film mulch sowing and field direct sowing,their average emergence rate was 51.31% and 51.10% respectively.It indicated that the X.sorbifolia can be sowed directly in the field.3） During the seed germination of mulching sowing and field direct sowing,their seed germination was not coincident.4） Due to the influence of stock quality and low temperature on grafting,the survival rate of grafting propagation was low.Under the conditions of drought,water shortage and big wind in northwest area,it is regarded that X.sorbifolia had better sow with plastic film mulch,the seeds had better make treatment before sowing,the grafting had better adopt low stock and earth up around scion or cover plastic bag on scion after grafting.

关 键 词：文冠果 播种繁殖 根插繁殖 嫁接繁殖 出苗率 西北干旱区 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学] S722