朴正熙时代的劳工政策与劳动关系:历史评价与反思  

Labour Policies and Relations during the Park Chung-hee Administration：Historical Appraisal and Reflections

作　　者：具海根[1] 刘建洲[2] Hagen Koo(Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Hawaii, the U. S. A)

机构地区：[1]美国夏威夷大学社会学系 [2]中共上海市委党校、上海行政学院领导科学教研部(现代人力资源测评研究中心)

出　　处：《韩国研究论丛》2017年第1期70-82,共13页Chinese Journal of Korean Studies

基　　金：译者主持的上海市社科规划课题“新生代农民工的身份认同问题研究”(课题批准号:2014BSH001)的资助

摘　　要：朴正熙时代留下了韩国有关劳工政策和劳动关系的丰富遗产。朴正熙劳工政策的一个主要目标在于确保为出口导向的工业化发展提供适宜的劳动力市场。从人道主义和社会的角度来看,朴正熙时代的劳工政策可以被看成一个败笔。朴正熙时代劳工政策的一贯性体现在将劳工看成一种生产要素而从经济上加以动员,同时尽可能在政治上让劳工处于解组状态,从而避免劳工运动可能对国家安全和发展带来威胁。这种狭隘的发展主义和国家安全导向的劳工政策导致工人与体制的异化程度不断加深,促成了底层劳工与社会民主力量的结盟。最终,无论是朴正熙本人抑或广大劳动人民都不得不为这一历史阶段的粗鲁的劳工体制付出沉重代价。The Park Chung-hee Era has left a rich legacy of labour policies and relations,where one of the main objectives of his labour policies was to ensure the provision of a labour market amenable to the export-oriented mode of industrial development.From the perspective of humanitarianism and society,labour policies in the Park Chung-hee Era can be regarded as a failure.The consistency in his labour policies could be seen in his regarding of labour as a production factor subject to economic mobilisation,while at the same time,politically the labour was kept in a state of disintegration,so as to prevent labour movements from casting negative impacts on national security and development.This narrow developmentalism and labour policies oriented towards national security had resulted in an increasing alienation of workers and the systemper se.It eventually led to an alliance between grassroots labour with social democratic forces.In the end,be it Park Chung-hee himself or the toiling masses,they would have to pay a heavy cost to this crude labour system characteristic of the historical epoch.

关 键 词：朴正熙时代 劳工政策 劳动关系 劳工运动 发展主义国家 

分 类 号：D731.26[政治法律—政治学]