跳水运动专家的时间知觉优势——来自眼动和脑电的证据  

The Diving Experts Advantage of Motor Temporal Perception:Evidence from eye movement and ERP

作　　者：梁祎明 张忠秋[2] 章建成[3] LIANG Yiming;ZHANG Zhongqiu;ZHANG Jiancheng(Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beij ing 100061,China;Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学教育学院应用心理学系,保定071002 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [3]上海体育学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育与科学》2018年第4期66-72,85,共8页Sports & Science

基　　金：保定市哲学社会科学规划课题;项目号:2016Q029;国家体育总局体育科学研究所资助项目;项目号:基本12-24

摘　　要：本研究以运动专家的认知优势理论、时间知觉的双加工机制及时间知觉的存储容量模型理论为基础,采用专家-新手范式,使用两种不同难度的跳水运动视频为刺激材料,要求跳水运动专家和普通人分别对500ms和1500ms两种运动时间进行估计,使用眼动和事件相关电位分析技术记录被试运动时间知觉过程中的眼动和脑电特征,探究运动专家时间知觉的优势特征及其原因。研究发现:运动专家时间估计的准确性显著高于普通人,可能原因是估计策略和信息加工机制的不同。眼动和脑电结果显示:运动专家更多使用直接判断策略和计数策略,普通人更多使用表象策略;运动专家比普通人的信息加工效率高,信息加工深度浅,投入的总认知资源少,心理努力程度小,信息加工的自动化程度高。Objective：Based on the theories of experts＇ cognitive advantages,twiformed temporal processing mechanism and storage capacity model,this research explored the information procession and neural mechanism of experts＇ advantage in diving temporal perception.Methods：Diving video of two kind of difficulty used as stimulation and using eye movement analysis technology combined with ERP,this research adopted the＂expert-novice＂paradigm,and required them to estimate time of 500 ms and 1500 ms.Main results：In divining time estimation,experts were significantly better than novices;there were significant differences of estimation strategy：experts more adopted direct judge and count,while novices more adopted imagery;there may be differences of information processing mechanism：experts＇ information processing efficiency was higher than novices＇,their information processing degree was lower than novices＇,their cognitive resource was fewer than novices＇,experts used automatic processing and novices used cognitive processing.

关 键 词：跳水 运动专家 时间知觉 眼动 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：G80-3[文化科学—运动人体科学]