晚清童试经费摊派及办考赔累——以四川保宁府为中心的考察  

Assigned Contribution and Financial Burdens of the Preliminary Civil Service Examination in Late Qing Dynasty: Focusing on the Baoning Prefecture of Sichuan Province

作　　者：张亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史系

出　　处：《学术研究》2018年第7期124-130,178,共7页Academic Research

摘　　要：清代童试分逐层递进的县府院试三级,与州县社会关系密切。各级办考需用不同,经费筹集方式各异,且规制文本与实际操作有明显出入,如例定报部核销的院试经费即由各州县分摊。晚清社会急剧变动,在保宁府童试办考受经费掣肘、举步维艰之时,新政学堂却发展迅猛、筹款顺利。这一矛盾现象,既呈现出缺少固定经费来源的童试制度之脆弱,折射出科举颓势,又反映了新旧制度转型期间,学堂等新政事业的经费筹集给州县社会带来的压力和困扰。The preliminary civil service examinations, operated in the district-prefecture-province three administrative levels, were closely related to the society of departments and districts in Qing dynasty. The needs and functions of the preliminary examinations in each level differed, which led to various ways of funds raising. Moreover, the practical operations were also different from the regulations. For instance, the expenditure of money on the examinations given by the provincial directors of studies, which was supposed to be reimbursed by the Board, was actually apportioned among departments and districts. With abrupt social changes in the late Qing period, the Baoning Prefecture was confronted by lots of difficulties in funding and administering the preliminary examination. By contrast, new schools, as products of the New Policies Reforms(1898-1911), were quite successful in raising funds and developed rapidly. Such a contradiction not only exposed the financial weakness of the preliminary examination system and the declining tendency of the whole imperial civil service examination system, but also indicated the financial pressure and troubles that were imposed on the society of departments and districts by the New Policies Reforms(1898-1911).

关 键 词：童试 科举 童试经费 摊派 州县社会 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]