三国西城的前身与今地——兼论秦“西新邑”  

On the History and the Present Location of the West City in Three Kingdoms Period

作　　者：张希仁[1] Zhang Xiren(Lanzhou Party School of the CPC,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,Chin)

机构地区：[1]中共兰州市委党校,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《天水师范学院学报》2018年第2期44-52,共9页Journal of Tianshui Normal University

摘　　要："三国西城"就是诸葛亮出祁山所屯居的天水"西县城",亦即陇西"西县城"。它与先秦"犬丘"、"西垂"、"西垂宫"、"西新邑",秦、汉"西县",王莽"西治"是一脉相承的。上世纪末至本世纪初礼县大堡子山的考古发现,为"三国西城"的溯源和今地研究提供了可贵资料,使其向纵深发展,但目前歧见依然纷纭。根据史料和考古发掘,三国西城的前身应该是"西新邑",这座新都邑由秦襄公始建,秦文公完竣。秦襄公首先建起了"西垂宫",文公在此基础上续建了西新邑,西新邑与西垂宫同在一地,就是今天礼县永兴镇赵坪村。秦仲、庄公、襄公居住的都邑"西犬丘"在大堡子山;文公居住的"西垂宫"和宪公居住的"西新邑"在赵坪村;昭襄王二十八年置陇西郡时将"西犬丘"更名为"西县",并将县治移徙到了西和长道镇与礼县永兴镇治地间。遵循"城随人迁,名随地移"的风俗习惯,两次迁徙的三处都邑同叫"西垂"或"犬丘"。今陕西平阳秦邑应为宪公东进关中所建"城邑"即"秦新邑",不应与"西新邑"相混淆。诸葛亮出祁山所坐镇的"西城"是原有的秦、汉"西县城",并非诸葛亮新建,亦非"汉中西县",更非"汉中西城县"。The＂Three Kingdoms West City＂is the Tianshui West County town where Zhu Geliang came out of Qis-han, namely the ＂West County town＂ of Longxi. It is in line with the pre Qin ＂dog hill＂, ＂West Sag＂, ＂West Sag Pal-ace＂, ＂xinxinyi＂, Qin, Han ＂Xi county＂ and Wang Mang ＂Xi Zhi＂. At the end of the last century, the archaeologicaldiscoveries of Dabao Zishan in Lixian, the late century, provided valuable information for the origin of the ＂ThreeKingdoms West City＂ and the present research. According to historical materials and archaeological excavations,the predecessor of the Three Kingdoms should be ＂xinxinyi＂, which was built by Qin Xiang Gong and completed byQin Wen Gong. Qin Xiang Gong first built the ＂West pendant Palace＂, and on this basis, the author continued tobuild the West Xinyi, the West Xinyi and the West pendant palace, which is today the village of Zhao Ping in theYongxing town of Li county. Qin Zhong, Zhuang Gong and Xiang Gong lived in the ＂West dog hill＂ in Dabao Zishan;the ＂West drooping Palace＂ and the ＂West Xinyi＂ of the constitutional public lived in the village of Zhao Ping. Inthe twenty-eight years of King Zhao Xiang, ＂xihound＂ was renamed ＂Xixian＂ in Longxi County, and the county wasmigrate to the West and Chang Dao town and the Yongxing town of RI county. According to the custom of ＂the citymoves along with the people, and the name moves everywhere＂, the three cities in the two migration are called the ＂West drop＂ or ＂dog hill＂. Qin Yi, now in Pingyang, Shaanxi, should be built as a ＂city＂ or ＂Qin Xinyi＂ in the en-trance of the constitution to the East. It should not be confused with ＂Xi Xin Yi＂. Zhu Geliang＇s ＂West City＂ in thetown of Qishan is the original Qin and Han ＂West County town＂, not Zhu Geliang＇s new, nor ＂Hanzhoung WestCounty＂, but not ＂Hanzhoung Xicheng county＂.

关 键 词：三国西城 西犬丘 西垂宫 西新邑 大堡子山 赵坪 长道 

分 类 号：K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学]