潍坊市地面水汽压时空分布特征及其影响因素  

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of surface vapor pressure and their influencing factors in Weifang

作　　者：王晓立 王恬茹 杨萌 张娜 鲁丹 徐太安 WANG Xiao-li;WANG Tian-ru;YANG Meng;ZHANG Na;LU Dan;XU Tai-an(Weifang Meteorological Service,Weifang 261011,China;Anqiu Meteorological Service,Anqiu 262100,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊市气象局,山东潍坊261011 [2]安丘市气象局,山东安丘262100

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2018年第3期78-85,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2016-041);山东省气象局青年科研基金项目(2015SDQN07);潍坊市气象局气象科学技术研究项目(2016wfqxkt04;2017wfqxkt02)共同资助

摘　　要：基于1961—2015年潍坊市9个气象观测站逐月地面水汽压及其他气象要素的观测数据,利用气候倾向率、经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)、M-K(Mann-Kendall)突变检验和相关系数等方法,分析了潍坊市地面水汽压的时空分布特征及其影响因素,为合理开发云水资源提供理论依据。结果表明:1961—2015年潍坊地区年与春季、秋季、冬季地面水汽压均呈上升的趋势,春季地面水汽压上升最明显,夏季地面水汽压呈略下降的趋势;潍坊市地面水汽压年代变化明显,20世纪80年代地面水汽压最低。近55 a潍坊市地面水汽压月变化呈明显的单峰型,最大值出现在7月,最小值出现在1月。潍坊市地面水汽压在1989年发生突变,突变后呈明显上升的趋势。近55 a潍坊地区年和四季地面水汽压均呈由西北向东南方向递增的空间分布特征,最低值均出现在青州地区,最高值均出现在诸城地区,主要受地理位置和海拔高度影响造成的。特征向量表明潍坊市地面水汽压具有空间一致性的变化特征,呈西北—东南反向分布。潍坊市地面水汽压受多种气象因素的影响,地面水汽压与相对湿度、气温、降水量均呈显著的正相关关系,地面水汽压与日照时数、蒸发量、风速均呈显著的负相关关系。Based on observational data on the monthly surface water vapor pressure and other meteorological factors from 9 meteorological stations in Weifang from 1961 to 2015 ,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of surface water vapor pressure and their influencing factors were analyzed using climate tendency rate, EOF, M-K abrupt change test and correlation coefficient statistical methods, which provides a theoretical basis for the rational development of cloud water resource. The results show that in the past 55 years, the water vapor pressures in spring, autumn and winter and annual average in Weifang show an increase trend, especially in spring, while its value in summer is in a decrease trend. Interdecadal variation of surface vapor pressure in Weifang is obvious and the lowest value appears in 1980s. In addition, annual pattern of monthly mean water vapor pressure presents an obvious single peak distribution with the maximum and minimum values in July and January, respectively. Besides, the water vapor pressure in Weifang shows an increasing trend after an abrupt change occurring in 1989. The spatial distribution of annual and seasonal water vapor pressure in Weifang all indicate increasing characteristics from the northwest to the southeast and the lowest and highest values all appear in Qingzhou and Zhucheng, respectively, which is affected by the geographical position and altitude. A spatial characteristic of reverse distribution in water vapor pressure from northwest to southeast in Weifang is reflected by the feature vector. Moreover, the surface water vapor pressure is affected by many meteorological factors and has significant positive correlation with relative humidity, temperature and precipitation, and significant negative correlation with sunshine, evaporation and wind speed.

关 键 词：水汽压 气候倾向率 EOF 突变 相关分析 

分 类 号：P468.02[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]