基于北京市大气PM_(2.5)中9种元素的环境健康风险评价  

Environment Health Risk Assessment on 9 Elements in PM_(2.5) in Beijing

作　　者：王琼[1] 董小艳[1] 杨璐璐[1] 王红伟[1] 方建龙[1] WANG Qiong;DONG Xiaoyan;YANG Lulu;WANG Hongwei;FANG Jianlong

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2018年第3期197-203,共7页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(21707131)

摘　　要：目的了解北京市大气PM_(2.5)中9种元素对不同人群的健康风险水平,为人群健康防护策略的制定提供数据支持。方法基于北京市2014年3月—2015年2月连续监测的PM_(2.5)中元素浓度,应用美国科学院提出的风险评估"四步法"计算针对不同人群、不同季节和不同污染水平下人群的非致癌及致癌风险。结果北京市大气PM_(2.5)中元素的非致癌风险数值由大至小为As>Cr>Co>Cd>Mn>Ni>Se>V,致癌风险数值由大至小为Cd>As>Cr>Pb,冬季大气PM_(2.5)中元素的非致癌和致癌风险高于夏季,雾霾日大气PM_(2.5)中元素的非致癌和致癌风险高于非霾日,PM_(2.5)中元素对儿童的非致癌风险高于成人,对儿童的致癌风险略低于成人。结论北京市大气PM_(2.5)中元素的健康风险具有较为明显的季节变化趋势,冬季和雾霾日的人群健康风险应引起关注。Objectives To explore the health risk level of 9 elements in PM2.5 in Beijing and provide basic data for formulating protection strategies on human health. Methods Based on continuous monitoring the concen- tration of elements in PM2.5 in Beijing from March 2014 to February 2015, non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks for different populations, seasons and pollution levels were calculated by using a ＂four-step＂ risk assessment method proposed by the American Academy of Sciences. Results The trend of non-carcinogenic risk level of ele- ments in PM2.5 in Beijing was As 〉 Cr 〉 Co 〉 Cd 〉 Mn 〉 Ni 〉 Se 〉 V, and the trend of carcinogenic risk level of ele- ments in PM2.5 in Beijing was Cd 〉 As 〉 Cr 〉 Pb. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk level of elements in PM2.5 in the winter was higher than that in the summer. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk level of ele- ments in PM2.5 in haze days was higher than that in non-haze days. The non-carcinogenic risk level of elements in PM2.5 for children was higher than that for adults, but the carcinogenic risk level of elements in PM2.5 for children was lower than that for adults. Conclusions The health risk level of elements in PM2.5 in Beijing had a more obvi- ous seasonal trend. Attention should be paid to the risk on people＇s health in the winter and haze days.

关 键 词：PM2.5 元素 暴露评估 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]