维特根斯坦中期哲学证实观的批判性考察  

A Critique on Verificationism in Wittgenstein's Middle Philosophy

作　　者：梁小岚 LIANG Xiao-lan(School of Philosophy,BNU,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第4期102-109,共8页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：如何看待维特根斯坦的证实思想在其哲学发展中的地位和价值?这是近些年来研究维特根斯坦哲学的一个必要论题。要想有效地回答这个问题,必须从学者看待证实思想的多重角度——包括与前期哲学的关系、所处的中期哲学的特点以及证实思想作为一种意义理论的角度——对国外研究资料作出相应的概括与综述,这是一条切实可行的途径。沿着这条途径,可以发现证实思想有不同于前后期哲学的思想特点:其一,证实思想通过语言与实在的关系形成了对前期哲学的批判;其二,证实思想随着中期哲学的变化而不断动摇,展现出中期哲学的思想形态之间的纵横交错;其三,证实思想在一定程度上联系了证实方法与语句意义,区分于维也纳小组对语句意义确定方式的理解。这项研究表明,学者们对证实思想解释角度的差别,恰恰折射出他们对维特根斯坦中期哲学的不同理解;证实思想虽然因内容上的动摇和对中期哲学阶段的依附,在踏上后期哲学的道路上终被放弃。尽管如此,对于维特根斯坦中期哲学甚至整体哲学的理解,这段历程又是不可或缺的。The discussion on the evaluation of verificationism in the development of Wittgenstein philosophy recently attracts more attention in the field.For a better understanding,several perspectives in interpreting verificationism should be taken into account,including the relation of verification and its early philosophy,the features of middle philosophy and the embodied theoretic meaning of verificationism.It is a feasible approach to summarize and analyze the related documented studies abroad.Different characteristics of verificationism were found in the early and late philosophy.First,verificationism formed the critique on the early philosophy in terms of the relation of language and reality.Second,as the middle philosophy changed gradually,verificationism changed its content and reflected interacting of various ideas during the middle philosophy.Third,verificationism is partly related method of verification to the meaning of sentences,which differentiated from the Vienna Circle＇s way to determine the meaning of sentences.This paper demonstrates that the different interpreting of verificationism reflected the different understanding of Wittgenstein＇s middle philosophy.Due to the indeterminacy of its content and its dependence upon middle philosophy,verificationsim was finally declined by Wittgenstein when he moved forward into his late philosophy.However,it is indispensable from the understanding of middle philosophy and even the whole philosophy of Wittgenstein without verificationism.

关 键 词：维特根斯坦中期哲学 证实观 《逻辑哲学论》 现象语言 哲学语法 

分 类 号：B51[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B56