我国债务人异议之诉的证立及其构建——以《民诉解释》第二百四十八条的规定展开  

The Establish and Structure of our Country's Lawsuit of Debtor Disagreement——From the Provision of Article 248 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law

作　　者：刘文勇[1] Liu Wenyong(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2018年第4期143-154,共12页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"中国强制执行法体系研究"的阶段性成果(项目编号:12JJD820012)

摘　　要：《民诉解释》第二百四十八条允许债务人在案件进入执行程序前提起确认债务不存在之诉,也应肯定债务人在案件进入执行程序后提起债务人异议之诉的权利。由此可以证立我国在立法上已有债务人异议之诉。我国的债务人异议之诉可以构建如下:对有既判力的执行依据,被执行人以妨碍或者消灭债权等发生在前诉法庭辩论终结之后的实体事由提出排除执行的,其有权提起债务人异议之诉;被执行人以前诉法庭辩论终结之前存在的实体事由提出排除执行的,其应当通过申请再审等程序解决,当事人行使抵销权的除外。针对无既判力的执行依据,在执行依据生效前后,被执行人以债权不成立、妨碍或者消灭债权等实体事由提出排除执行的,其有权提起债务人异议之诉。The provisions of article 248 of the interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law allow the debtor file lawsuit to confirm that the debt does not exist before the case entering the enforcement procedure, it should also affirm the debtor has right to file lawsuit of debtor disagreement after the case entering the enforcement procedure. This can be proved that our country has lawsuit of debtor disagreement in the legislation. Our country＇s lawsuit of debtor disagreement can be built as person subjected to enforcement for the reason that he has follows：when enforcements have res judicata, the right to prevent or eliminate the creditor＇ s rights, occurred after the debate in the former litigation court＇ s real reason, he has the right to file lawsuit of debtor disagreement ,and the person subjected to execution should apply for retrial to resolve. When enforcement grounds do not have res judicata, the person subjected to enforcement has the right to file lawsuit of debtor disagreement.

关 键 词：既判力 基准时 法庭辩论终结 债务人异议之诉 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]