厦门湾大型底栖动物分类学多样性指数及分类充分性  

Discussion on taxonomic diversity indices and taxonomic sufficiency for macrobenthos in Xiamen Bay

作　　者：朱晓芬 陈彬[1] 俞炜炜[1] 林俊辉[1] 黄雅琴[1] 廖建基 ZHU Xiaofen, CHEN Bin, YU Weiwei , LIN Junhui, HUANG Yaqin, LIAO Jianji(Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamea 361000, Chin)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,厦门361000

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第15期5554-5565,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB452905);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201505008);国家重点研发计划"典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究"重点专项(2017YFC0506105)

摘　　要：以厦门湾为研究区域,收集2014—2015年大型底栖动物的调查数据,计算了大型底栖动物的分类学多样性指数,分析了分类学多样性指数与传统生物多样性指数的相关性和依从性,并从多个角度探讨大型底栖动物的分类充分性。结果表明,厦门湾大型底栖动物分类多样性指数(Δ)介于6.04—83.71之间,平均值为68.26,站位分布不均匀;分类差异性指数(Δ~*)介于74.27—99.54之间,平均值为84.23;平均分类差异指数(Δ^+)、分类差异变异指数(Λ^+)的理论平均值分别为86.82、345.0,个别站位落在95%置信区间外,表明局部区域环境受到了一定程度扰动。Δ、Δ~*与Margalef指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数呈显著相关,而Δ^+、Λ^+与传统多样性指数间无显著相关;分类学多样性指数可作为传统生物多样性指数的补充。种级、属级和科级的同一多样性指数间呈显著线性相关,拟合度较高(多数R2﹥0.9);根据三个分类水平站位的nMDS二维排序图、2-STAGE的相似性和聚类图,种级、属级和科级的群落结构一致性强,属级较种级丢失的信息约8%、科级为20%,因此在条件有限的情况下,大型底栖动物的监测与评价可根据实际的条件和需求适当将生物鉴定放宽至属水平。Based on survey data on the macrobenthos community in Xiamen Bay during 2014--2015, the taxonomic diversity indices for macrobenthos were calculated and their correlations with traditional diversity indices were examined. The taxonomic sufficiency was also discussed in several ways. The results showed that the taxonomic diversity index （△） ranged from 6.04 to 83.71, with an average of 68.26, and it was not evenly distributed among stations. Taxonomic distinctness （△ ＊ ） was in the range of 74.27--99.54, with an average of 84.23. The theoretical averages of average taxonomic distinctness （△＋） and variation in taxonomic distinctness （ ＋） were 86.82 and 345.0, respectively, and the results from some stations were beyond the 95% probability funnels, indicating that the environment was to some extend disturbed. Both △ and △＊ significantly correlated with Margalef richness index, Pielou＇s evenness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Simpson diversity index, while △＋ and ＋ had no significantly correlation with these traditional diversity indices. The results suggested that taxonomic diversity indices could be supplementary diversity indices additional to those traditional indices. Significantly linear correlations were observed for the diversity index between any two levels among the species, genus, and family levels, with high Goodness of Fit （generally R2〉 0.9）. Additionally, the results of the nMDS and 2-STAGE analyses indicated that there was a great consistency in community structure under the species, genus, and family levels; however, compared with the species level, certain information was missed at the genus level （8%） and family level （20%）. Therefore, we suggest that macrobenthos can be identified to the genus level rather than the species level for the monitoring and assessing macrobenthos in case that identification to species level is unrealizable.

关 键 词：生物多样性 分类学多样性指数 分类充分性 大型底栖动物 厦门湾 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]