面孔表情及注视方向对面孔加工特异性的影响——基于知觉负荷理论的视角  

The affects of facial expression and gaze direction on face processing: Based on perceptual load theory

作　　者：张凯莉 周霈 王沛[1] ZHANG Kaili,ZHOU Pei,WANG Pei(Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, Chin)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学心理学系,上海200234

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2018年第6期984-993,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学重大招标项目(编号:17ZDA327)资助

摘　　要：知觉负荷理论认为,当前任务知觉负荷的高低决定了选择性注意过程中的资源分配状况。面孔加工具有特异性,不论知觉负荷的高低,作为干扰刺激的面孔都能得到一定程度的加工。不过面孔的表情和面孔的注视方向可能会受到知觉负荷的影响。其中,面孔的负性情绪相比正性和中性情绪,较少受知觉负荷的影响;正性和中性情绪相比负性情绪,更易受到知觉负荷的影响。面孔直视的注视方向不需要主观注意,较少受知觉负荷的影响;非直视的注视方向则容易受到知觉负荷的影响。今后可将研究范围拓展到种族、性别、年龄等范畴,探讨不同知觉负荷条件对于这些面孔信息的影响。As perceptual load theory of attention posits, the effectiveness of selective attention in excluding perception of irrelevant distractors depends on the perceptual load associated with the relevant task. If the perceptual load of the relevant task is sufficiently high so as to require all available attentional capacity, thus the processing of task-irrelevant distractors is prevented. However, facial processing is special, irrelevant face can be processed regardless of the level of perceptual load. And facial expression and gaze direction may be affected by perceptual load. Some studies showed that negative emotions was less affected by the perceptual load, compared with positive and neutral emotions; Perception of direct gaze does not require focus of attention. In the future, we can extend to investigate the effects of some categories such as race, sex, and age in different levels of perceptual load.

关 键 词：面孔加工 知觉负荷 注意资源 面孔表情 注视方向 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]