波流作用下围油栏油水界面失稳机理分析  

Analysis of Instability of Oil-Water Interface Along the Oil Boom Under the Action of Waves and Currents

作　　者：时洋[1] 李绍武[1] 张华勤 陈汉宝[2] 周然[2] Shi Yang;Li Shaowu;Zhang Huaqin;Chen Hanbao;Zhou Ran(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering,Ministry of Transport,Tianjin 300456,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072 [2]交通部天津水运工程科学研究所,天津300456

出　　处：《天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）》2018年第7期691-701,共11页Journal of Tianjin University：Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金资助项目(51321065);国家自然科学基金资助项目(21677065);国家国际科技合作专项资助项目(2015DFA90250)~~

摘　　要：海上溢油对自然资源造成严重的环境损害.围油栏是一种常用收集海上溢油设备.围油栏工作效率因常受到波浪和水流等因素的影响而大大降低,油水界面不稳定是围油栏失效的主要原因.基于特征函数理论,研究了两层流体中表面波模态的波浪与刚性围油栏的相互作用问题.以水流流速、油水密度比值、油层厚度、围油栏吃水深度和波要素等为参数,对波流作用下压力梯度的变化及其对油水界面稳定性的影响进行了系统性分析.研究结果表明:液体压力垂直结构决定了油水界面的稳定性,油水界面处的液体压力梯度才是判断油水界面稳定性的依据.Oil spills resulting from maritime disasters can seriously influence the marine and coastal environment.Oil boom is widely used in collecting spilled oil.But its containment performance is seriously influenced by sea conditions,such as waves and currents.Boom failure is mainly induced by the instability of oil-water interface.The interaction between the water waves of the surface modes and a rigid boom in a two-layer fluid was theoretically examined by the eigen function expansion method.The hydraulic pressure gradient and the instability criterion were systematically investigated in terms of the specific gravity of oil,the thickness of oil slick,the boom draft,the current velocity and the wave condition.It is shown that the instability criterion is directly dependent on the vertical hydraulic pressure profile,and that the hydraulic pressure gradient near the oil-water interface is a dominant factor in instability criterion.

关 键 词：溢油 围油栏失效 油水界面不稳定性 临界压力梯度 特征函数法 

分 类 号：P751[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]