人工栽培堇叶碎米荠生物学特征及其营养成分比较  

Biological Characteristics of Artificially Cultivated Cardamine violifolia and Its Nutritional Ingredients Comparison

作　　者：石爱华 黄思勇[1,2] 陈体强[3] 金显平 彭经寿[1,2] 姚茂桂[1,2] 周光龙 Shi Aihua1,2,Huang Siyong1,2,Chen Tiqiang3,Jin Xianping1,2,Peng Jingshou1,2,Yao Maogui1,2,Zhou Guanglong1,2(1.Department of Bioengineering,Enshi Polytechnic,Enshi 445000,China;2.Institute of Selenium Nutrition,Enshi Polytechnic,Enshi 445000,China;3.Institute of Edible Fungi,Fujian Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350014,Chin)

机构地区：[1]恩施职业技术学院生物工程系,湖北恩施445000 [2]恩施职业技术学院硒营养研究所,湖北恩施445000 [3]福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所,福建福州350014

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2018年第1期31-36,共6页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：湖北省恩施州科技重大项目(2013BEC048)

摘　　要：目的:对人工驯化栽培的堇叶碎米荠进行生物学观察和营养成分分析,为蔬菜类新食品原料开发提供科学依据。方法:采用形态分类学和扫描电镜观察,描述和鉴定栽培植物;分析比较、大棚和露地补(富)硒栽培样品的营养成分。结果:栽培植物为堇叶碎米荠(Cardamine violifolia O.E.Schuiz),其花粉粒为橄榄球状,大小为13.48~16.72μm×33.45~36.77μm;干品中水分、还原糖、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量分别为7.10%~7.44%、3.7%~5.55%和8.0%~15.7%,含有较低的粗脂肪(0.82%~1.9%)、较高的蛋白质(17.0%~21.5%),氨基酸总量可达13.38%~14.07%,并含有丰富的钙、磷、铁、镁和锌等人体必需等常量和微量元素;正常补硒栽培硒含量为78.9~129μg/100 g,符合食品安全要求。结论:堇叶碎米荠的食用部位为抽苔期的嫩茎叶,可制成干品粉末后筛分去掉粗纤维可作为补硒的食品新原料。Objective： The biological characteristic and nutritional components of artificial cultivation of Cardamine violifolia were observed and analyzed,to provide scientific basis for the development of new food raw vegetables. Method： The characters of cultivated plants described were identified by morphological taxonomy and SEM observation. The nutritional composition of cultivated plant samples in greenhouse and open field with selenium fertilizer was analyzed and compared. Results： The cultivated plant was Cardamine violifolia,and the pollen grains were rugby-shaped with a size of 13. 48-16. 72 μm ×33. 45-36. 77 μm; the contents of moisture,reducing sugar and crude fiber in dry products were7. 10%-7. 44%,3. 7%-5. 55% and 8. 0%-15. 7%,respectively,containing low crude fat（ 0. 82%-1. 9%） and high protein（ 17. 0%-21. 5%）. Meanwhile,the total amino acid were contents up to13. 38-14. 07%,and there were enriched essential and trace elements,calcium,phosphorus,iron,magnesium and zinc,etc.,while the contents of selenium were 78. 9-129 g/100 g for normal cultivation,matching the food safety requirements. Conclusion： The edible parts of C. violifolia was tender stem and leaf in bolting period at the beginning of flowering,which can be made into dry powder after screening to remove coarse fiber and used as a new material of Se-supplement food.

关 键 词：堇叶碎米荠 形态分类 栽培植株 营养成分 新食品原料 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学] Q949.91