“外洋会馆图记”之发现暨“十三行”正名考  

The Discovery of the Official Seal of the Waiyang Huiguan and the Normal Name of the So-called Thirteen-hong of Canton

作　　者：冷东[1] 罗章鑫 

机构地区：[1]广州大学十三行研究中心

出　　处：《古代文明》2018年第3期115-124,共10页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：2017年国家社科基金重点项目"广州十三行与海上丝绸之路发展变化研究"(项目批准号:17AZS010);广州市十三行重点研究基地研究成果

摘　　要：乾隆二十二年清朝实行"一口通商"政策至道光二十二年《南京条约》签订,广州成为中国重要通商口岸,产生"以官制商、以商制夷"的外贸体制和商会组织,即学术界和社会民众普遍称谓的"十三行"。这一长期存在并发挥重要作用的外贸制度和商会组织有无印章?学术界尚无证据和研究成果。2017年在英国剑桥大学图书馆和英国国家档案馆找到的"外洋会馆图记"印迹,当即出于消失已久的"十三行印章"。依据这些档案并与其他文献参酌分析,"外洋行"是"十三行"的正名,而"十三行"其实是一个地理概念,作为制度和组织的"十三行"当开始于1760年。From 1757 to 1842, Guangzhou was the most important overseas trading port of China. As a result of the Qing policy of using the appointed merchants to constrain the behavior of the foreigners, some foreign trade business groups were established, which is commonly referred to as the Thirteen-hong of Canton. Did the so-called Thirteen-hong organization have an official seals to identify themselves? It is so far remain unanswered. This article presents the authors' discovery of some documents with the seal prints of Waiyang Huiguan( 外洋会馆, chamber for the overseas trade) from Cambridge University Library and British National Archive. By analyzing these prints and other materials, it is concluded that the official name of the so-called Thirteen-hong is Waiyang Hong( 外洋行) which was established in 1760 and the saying of Thirteen-hong of Canton is actually a name of place in Canton where the overseas trading companies located.

关 键 词：外洋行 十三行 公行 公所 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学]