不同压力下竖直深冷表面结霜现象实验研究  

Experimental research of frosting on vertical cold surface under cryogenic temperature

作　　者：郭芹良 郄殿福[1,2] 王晶[1] 尚永红[1] 王洪兴[1] 许冬彦 GUO Qinliang;QIE Dianfu;WANG Jing;SHANG Yonghong;WANG Hongxing;XU Dongyan(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory,Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;China Astronautics Standards Institute,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094 [2]北京卫星环境工程研究所可靠性与环境工程技术重点实验室,北京100094 [3]中国航天标准化研究所,北京100071

出　　处：《航天器环境工程》2018年第3期283-287,共5页Spacecraft Environment Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51506009);航天装备关键共性技术标准研究(编号:2016YFF0202402)

摘　　要：文章建立了一个结霜可视化实验装置,对在不同气压条件下的低温竖直表面的结霜现象进行实验研究,掌握了低温环境下的结霜过程和霜层微观形貌特征,实验过程中冷表面的温度控制在-180℃。实验结果表明:常压低温结霜工况下,霜晶呈羽毛状,初始晶核趋向于在冷板的边缘形成,之后平行于冷板表面向下生长,并且在初始霜晶形成后的一段时间内,霜层平行于冷板表面向下的生长速度明显大于垂直于冷板表面的生长速度,向下生长的速度达到0.3 mm/min;真空低温结霜工况下,霜层以颗粒状固体存在,生长速度缓慢,在冷表面上分布均匀,并在霜层生长过程中发现开裂现象。此实验装置提供的清晰结霜图像可为后续展开真空条件下的结霜机理研究提供参考。In order to study the frost growth morphology, a visualization platform is set up. By using the platform, a series of experiments are carried out to study the frost deposited on a vertical flat copper plate in the atmospheric pressure and in vacuum, respectively. The plate is cooled by the liquid nitrogen and controlled at a temperature of-180 ℃. It is shown that under the atmospheric pressure and cryogenic temperature conditions, the initial nucleation tends to take place on the edge of the cold plate, then the frost grow downward along the plate surface with a growth rate of about 0.3 mm per minute. The growth rate in parallel to the cold plate direction is significantly greater than that in the perpendicular direction; under vacuum and cryogenic temperature conditions,the frost is in the form of solid particles and grows very slowly, to reach a uniform distribution on the plate.Cracks are found in the frosting process. The clear frosting images provided by the platform are expected to be used for investigating the frosting mechanism in the future.

关 键 词：真空低温 结霜 可视化 趋边缘性 霜层开裂 

分 类 号：TB61[一般工业技术—制冷工程]