知觉负载对注视知觉适应后效的影响  

The influence of perceptual load on gaze perceptual adaptation aftereffect

作　　者：赵亚军[1] 张智君[2] 刘志方 刘炜[4] 严璘璘[5] 唐溢 ZHAO Yajun;ZHANG Zhijun;LIU Zhifang;LIU Wei;YAN Linlin;TANG Yi(School of Sociology and Psychology,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China;Department of Psychology,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310036,China;School of Education,Yunnan Minzu University,Kunming 650504,China;Department of Psychology,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Party School of the Chongqing municipal Party committee,Chongqing 400041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学社会学与心理学学院,成都610041 [2]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310028 [3]杭州师范大学心理学系,杭州310036 [4]云南民族大学教育学院,昆明650504 [5]浙江理工大学心理学系,杭州310018 [6]重庆市委党校,重庆400041

出　　处：《心理学报》2018年第6期592-605,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371039;31500879);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(15YJC190022);西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目资助(2018SQN04)

摘　　要：结合知觉负载任务和注视适应范式,考察了知觉负载(高、低知觉负载)对不同注视线索(偏离注视与直视)适应后效的影响。结果发现:(1)偏离注视在低负载条件存在显著的适应后效,而在高负载条件仅存在微弱的适应后效,并且前者显著大于后者;(2)直视在低负载和高负载条件都出现了显著的适应后效,并且二者不存在显著差异;(3)注意资源对偏离注视知觉的调节作用大于对直视知觉的作用。这说明,偏离注视知觉受到注意资源紧张程度的调节,而直视知觉不受注意资源的调节,注意资源对直视与偏离注视的调节作用存在差异,推测二者可能存在不同的加工机制。During social communication, eyes gaze indicates the focus of people＇s attention. There are two types of gaze cue： direct gaze（straight） and averted gaze（left or right）, which have different social functions. Previous researchers assume that gaze perception involves two different processing stages. The first stage refers to earlier visual feature analysis of eyes such as luminance contrast and geometry of white sclera and iris. The second stage involves the perceptual integration of eyes＇ features and the extraction of gaze direction. However, this assumption ignores the differences in processing mechanism between direct gaze and averted gaze. Other researchers hypothesize that perception of direct gaze is mediated by a fast-track pathway via subcortical face processing route. Direct gaze perception has characteristics of automatic process, such as capturing attention and being processed unconsciously. Its automaticity shows that direct gaze has a processing advantage over averted gaze. We inferred that direct gaze perception was independent of attentional resources, while averted gaze perception required more attentional resources. The present study aimed at investigating how attentional resources affect perception of averted and direct gaze.We combined Lavie＇s perceptual load task and a short-term gaze adaptation paradigm to investigate how attentional resources influence the gaze adaptation aftereffect of direct gaze and averted gaze. Participants attended to a letter string superimposed on gaze adaptor（200 ms）, and identified the target letter（X or N）embedded in the letter string of either 6 identical letters（low load） or 6 different letters（high load）. Subsequently, a gaze probe was presented for 200 ms. Participants had to make judgements concerning the direction of probe（i.e. leftward, straight, or rightward）. Sixteen na？ve participants（8 females） were tested in Experiment 1, which measured the modulation of averted gaze adaptation effect by perceptual loads. And t

关 键 词：直视 偏离注视 注视知觉 注视知觉适应后效 知觉负载 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]