不同施肥模式下西藏农田土壤质量的变化  

Soil quality change under different fertilization patterns on the Tibetan Plateau farmland

作　　者：李猛[1,2] 何永涛 孙维[1] 李少伟 钟志明[1] 余成群[1] 张扬建[1,3] 张宪洲[1,3] LI Meng;HE Yong-tao;SUN Wei;LI Shao-wei;ZHONG Zhi-ming;YU Cheng-qun;ZHANG Yang-jian;ZHANG Xian-zhou(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Lhasa Plateau Ecological Research Station,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelin;University of Chinese Academy of Science;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Science)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室 拉萨高原生态试验站 北京 100101 [2]中国科学院大学 北京 100049 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院 北京 100190

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2018年第3期144-148,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20010201,XDA19050502); 西藏自治区重大科技专项(Z2016C01G01/02); 中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)/国家生态系统观测研究网络(CNERN)长期监测项目

摘　　要：依据中国科学院拉萨高原生态试验站农田长期施肥试验的监测数据,分析了不同施肥模式(空白、羊粪、羊粪+化肥(羊+化)、化肥)8年后(2008~2015)对高原农田土壤质量部分指标(机械组成、土壤容重、有机质、p H和微生物量碳)的影响。结果显示,与单纯施用化肥的样地相比,施加了有机肥的羊粪和羊+化样地的农田土壤质量表现出了显著的变化:(1)增加了0~20 cm土层中的砂粒含量,降低了粉砂粒和粘粒含量;(2)0~10cm表层土壤容重分别降低10.1%和10.0%;(3)表层土壤中的有机质含量分别增加了72.8%和65.6%,同时土壤的p H保持在一个稳定的状态;(4)显著增加了农田土壤中的微生物量,在青稞的生长期以及收获后,农田土壤微生物量碳均表现为羊粪>羊粪+化肥>空白>化肥。因此表明有机肥可以显著改善高原农田的土壤质量,在西藏地区应加大畜禽粪便等的归田。Based on monitoring data from an 8-year long-term fertilization experiment on the Tibetan Plateau farmland by Lhasa Plateau Ecological Research Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,effects of different fertilization treatments on part of indicators of soil quality（ soil mechanical composition,soil bulk density,organic matters,p H,microbial biomass C） were studied. Compared with the chemical fertilizer plot,soil quality of farmland applying sheep manure merely and sheep manure and chemical fertilizer simultaneously showed significant difference：（ 1） The gravel particle content increased but silt and clay particle content decreased in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer;（ 2）Top soil bulk density decreased by 10.1% and 10.0%,respectively;（ 3） Soil organic content increased by 72.8%and 65.6%,and the soil p H was stabilized;（ 4） The soil microbial biomass increased significantly in farmland. Soil microbial biomass carbon average in farmland after fertilization ranked as following： Manure Manure ＋ Chemical Fertilizer CK Chemical Fertilizer during highland barley growth season and post-harvest season. Above results suggested that application of manure can significantly improve the soil quality in plateau farmland,therefore more organic fertilizer should be returned to the farmland in Tibet.

关 键 词：施肥模式 土壤质量 农田 西藏 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学]