巴音布鲁克国家级高寒草原湿地保护区生态承载力与可持续发展研究  

Ecological Carrying Capacity and Sustainable Development of Grassland and Wetland in Bayanbulak National Alpine Grassland Nature Reserve

作　　者：张明[1] 徐德琳[1] 游广永[1] ZHANG Ming;XU De-lin;YOU Guang-yong(Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Environmental Protection,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2018年第2期101-107,共7页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0506600);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项"不同修复模式下重要生态功能区生态系统服务权衡;国家公园国际比较及管理体制框架研究"

摘　　要：生态承载力是生态系统的可持续承载,为区域环境管理与生态保护提供科学依据。利用地面高光谱与地上生物量的对应测定,建立草原与湿地地面光谱的生物量模型,从而进行草原湿地生态承载力界定。结果表明:2002—2010年的9年间,巴音布鲁克草原湿地保护区的年产草量变化在2.496×10 8~3.123×10 8 kg,平均值为2.885×10 8 kg,最高年份出现在2006年,最低年份出现在2004年。生态承载力最高为475 367羊单位,最低为378 924羊单位。饲草利用率对草原湿地区生态承载力有直接的影响。对生态承载力的驱动分析表明,降水量的变化对巴音布鲁克高寒草原的产草量影响要大于温度。草原湿地生态承载力受到草地覆盖度、饲草利用率和气候因素的影响。要从根本上提高草原湿地生态承载力,必须针对草地覆盖度、饲草利用率两个方面进行科学合理的调控,以促进巴音布鲁克国家级自然保护区的可持续发展。Ecological carrying capacity is the sustainable carrying of ecosystem, which provides scientific basis for regional environmental management and ecological protection. Using the method of corresponding determination of ground hyper spectrum and aboveground biomass, biomass model of ground spectrum of grassland and wetland were built, and so the ecological carrying capacity of grassland and wetland were calculated. The results showed that the variation range of annual grass yield was from 2.496×10 8 to 3.123×10 8 kg, and the average was 2.885×10 8 kg. The highest year was 2006, and the lowest year 2004. Maximal value of ecological carrying capacity was 475 367 sheep unit, and the minimum value 378 924 sheep unit. The utilization rate of forage grass directly influenced ecological carrying capacity. Driving analysis of ecological carrying capacity showed that the impact of precipitation on grass yield was greater than that of temperature. Ecological carrying capacity of grassland and wetland was affected by grassland area, utilization rate of forage grass, and climate factors. Thus scientific and rational regulation should be applied to the grassland coverage and utilization rate of forage grass to enhance ecological carrying capacity of grassland and wetland, so as to promote the sustainabledevelopment of Bayanbulak National Alpine Grassland Nature Reserve.

关 键 词：生态承载力 可持续发展 巴音布鲁克国家级高寒草原湿地保护区 生物量模型 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]