黄浦江浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系  

Community Structure of Zooplankton and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Huangpu River

作　　者：吴晓敏[1,2,3] 郝瑞娟[1,2,3] 潘宏博 魏华[1,2,3] 王丽卿[1,2,3] WU Xiaomin;HAO Ruijuan;PAN Hongbo;WEI Hua;WANG Liqing(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education（Shanghai Ocean University）,Shanghai 201306,China;Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient（CREEFN）of the Ministry of Agriculture（Shanghai Ocean University）,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources（Shanghai Ocean University）,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [2]农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [3]水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室(上海海洋大学),上海201306

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第6期1128-1137,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：上海市河道生态治理组合技术及评价体系研究项目(沪水科2012-02);生态河道监测项目(D-8005-14-0284)

摘　　要：为探究上海黄浦江枯水期和丰水期浮游动物群落结构及其对环境的指示作用,于2013年11月和2014年7月分别对黄浦江11个断面(82个采样点)进行了调查分析。共鉴定出浮游动物109种,其中原生动物35种(占总种类数的32%),轮虫33种(30%),枝角类18种(17%),桡足类23种(21%)。浮游动物丰度变化范围为1 671.8~70 428.4 ind.·L^(-1),生物量变化范围为0.26~14.97 mg·L^(-1)。丰水期浮游动物的丰度及生物量约为枯水期的2倍。聚类分析显示,枯水期与丰水期各个站点的浮游动物群落结构相似性不一致,枯水期可分为5个类群,丰水期为3个类群。相关性分析表明,原生动物密度与氨氮呈显著负相关;轮虫密度与总磷呈显著正相关,与叶绿素呈极显著正相关;枝角类密度与叶绿素呈极显著正相关,与氨氮呈显著正相关;桡足类密度与叶绿素和水温均呈极显著正相关。由此表明,黄浦江浮游动物的群落结构与水温、叶绿素以及水体的营养状况关系密切。淡水麻铃虫(Leprotintinnus fluviatile)、淡水筒壳虫(Tintinnidium fluviatile)、广布多肢轮虫(Polyarthra vulgaris)、脆弱象鼻溞(Bosmina fatalis)、微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)、桡足幼体(Copepodid)、无节幼体(Nauplii)、台湾温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops taihokuensis)和球状许水蚤(Schmackeria forbesi)等9个种的存在与否以及是否成为水体的优势种可以作为评定黄浦江等河流水体富营养化水平高低及污染程度轻重的指示物种。该研究可为后期对黄浦江的生态监测及水域生态修复提供理论基础,同时可为未来黄浦江水环境质量、水生态现状及其演变趋势的评价提供参考依据。In order to explore the zooplankton community structures in Huangpu River in the dry and wet seasons, 82 samples were collected from 11 sections in November 2013 and July 2014. As a result, 109 species of zooplankton were identified, including 35 species of protozoa （32%）, 33 species of rotifers （30%）, 18 species of cladocerans （17%）, and 23 species of copepod （21%）. The abundance of zooplankton was ranged from 1671.8 ind.·L^-1 to 70428.4 ind.·L^-1, while the biomass was ranged from 0.26 mg·L^-1 to 14.97 mg·L^-1. The abundance and biomass of zooplankton in the wet season was double that in the dry season. The cluster analysis indicated that the community structures of zooplankton in the two seasons were quite different, which could be devided into 5 groups in the dry season but 3 groups in the wet season. Pearson analysis showed that protozoa was negatively correlated with the ammonia nitrogen （NH4＋-N）; rotifers were correlated with total phosphorus （TP）, and extremely significant correlated with Chlorophyll-a （Chl-a）; Cladocera had showed a positive correlation with NH4＋-N and a significant positive correlation with Chl-a; the copepods was extremely significant with the Chl-a and water temperature （t）. It was suggested that the zooplankton community structure was related closely to the water temperature, Chl-a and the water trophic status of Huangpu River. In addition, our study pointed out that the nine dominate species, namely Leprotintinnus fluviatile, Tintinnidium fluviatile, Polyarthra vulgaris, Bosmina fatalis, Moina micrura, Copepodid, Nauplii, Thermocyclops taihokuensis and Schmackeria forbesi, could be used as indicators to evaluate eutrophication and pollution degree of the Huangpu River and other similar water bodies. The present study not only provides a theoretical basis for the ecological monitoring and water ecological restoration of the Huangpu River, but also supplies reliable references to evaluate the water quality and the evolution of the Huang

关 键 词：密度 生物量 Pearson相关性分析 聚类分析 浮游动物 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X174