高原递增性负荷训练对女子中长跑运动员机体摄氧、运氧的影响  

Increasing Load Altitude Training Effects on Oxygen Uptake and Carrying in Female Middle and Long Distance Runners

作　　者：马欣[1] 张杰[1] 王丽洁[1] MA Xin;ZHANG Jie;WANG Li-jie(Shandong Institute of Sport Science,Jinan 250012,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省体育科学研究中心,济南250012

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第6期160-166,共7页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：目的:探讨高原递增性负荷训练对女子中长跑运动员摄氧、运氧能力的影响.方法:选取备战2017年全运会的6名山东省田径队优秀女子中长跑运动员为研究对象,于冬训期间进行高原递增性负荷训练,为期5周.于训练前后采用意大利柯世迈心肺功能测试系统测试运动员的心肺功能(经典的布鲁斯方案),采用血常规测试运动员的红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HB)、红细胞压积(HCT).结果:训练后,运动员的VO_2max增大,但无显著性变化(p>0.05).但最大相对摄氧量、VO_2/HR高于训练前,VO_2max心率低于训练前,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05).运动员的无氧阈(AT)、AT心率高于训练前,AT时间长于训练前,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05).运动员高原训练结束后的RBC,HB,HCT逐渐降低,但与训练前相比无统计学意义(p>0.05).运动员高原训练结束后1周的RBC,HCT高于训练前,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05).结论:高原递增性负荷训练能够提高女子中长跑运动员的心肺适应能力,增强机体摄取氧和运输氧的能力,提高运动员的有氧代谢能力.Objective：To investigate the effects of increasing load altitude training on oxygen uptake and carring in female middle and long distance runners.Method：Select 6 elite female middle and long distance runners from Shandong Province Track and Field team,who were preparing for the 2017 National Games,they were given increasing load altitude training during winter training for a period of 5 weeks.Using cardiopulmonary testing system Cosmed to test the athlete＇s heart and lung function before and after the training（Bruce Classic）,measured erythrocyte（RBC）,hemoglobin（HB）,hematocrit（HCT）by routine blood tests.Results：after training,the athletes＇ VO_2 max increased,but there was no significant change（p〈0.05）.But the maximum relative oxygen uptake,VO_2/HR was higher than before training,and the VO_2 max heart rate was lower than before training,the difference was statistically significant（p〈0.05）.The anaerobic threshold（AT）and AT heart rate of athletes were higher than before training,and the AT was longer than before training,the difference was statistically significant（p〈0.05）.The RBC,HB and HCT decreased gradually after the altitude training,but there was no statistically significant compared with before training（p〈0.05）.After altitude training,the 1 axis of RBC and HCT were higher than before training,the difference was statistically significant（p〈0.05）.Conclusion：increasing load altitude training can improve the cardiopulmonary adaptability of female middle and long distance runners,enhance the ability of oxygen uptake and carrying,and improve the aerobic metabolism ability of the athletes.

关 键 词：高原递增性负荷训练 女子 中长跑 摄氧 运氧 

分 类 号：G861.1[文化科学—体育训练]