吸食毒品人员及成瘾情况的调查与分析  

Investigation and analysis on drug abusers and their addiction

作　　者：胡满基[1] 安孝群[1] 周慧静[1] 杜江[2] 王建国[1] 法金茂[1] 周丽 HU Man-ji;AN Xiao-qun;ZHOU Hui-fing;DU Jiang;FANG Jian-guo;FA Jin-mao;ZHOU Li(Yangpu Mental Health Center,Shanghai 200093,Chin)

机构地区：[1]上海市杨浦区精神卫生中心,200093 [2]上海市精神卫生中心

出　　处：《临床精神医学杂志》2018年第3期172-175,共4页Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

摘　　要：目的:了解上海市某区吸毒成瘾认定门诊的吸毒人员毒品滥用及成瘾状况。方法:对吸毒成瘾认定门诊的4 856例吸毒者一般人口学资料、及吸毒种类进行调查,并进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、安非他命类药物戒断症状自制评估表、以及阿片类药物戒断症状量表(COWS)评估,结果分别使用t检验及Logistic回归分析,比较被认定或暂不被认定吸毒成瘾组之间的差异。结果:接受认定吸毒者所涉及的毒品种类包括冰毒、吗啡、氯胺酮、大麻、可卡因、摇头丸等,其中涉及冰毒共4 689例,占认定总数的96.6%。被认定吸毒成瘾比率为57.2%(2 779例),暂不被认定吸毒成瘾者吸毒比率42.8%(2 077例);被认定吸毒成瘾组PANSS总分、阳性症状、阴性症状以及精神病理评分(t=28.139,t=17.151,t=16.469,t=43.087;P均<0.001)、安非他命类药物戒断症状自制评估分(t=67.483,P<0.001)以及COWS评分(t=7.916,P<0.001)均显著高于暂不被认定吸毒成瘾组。结论:门诊接受吸毒认定者使用的毒品以冰毒为主,半数以上吸毒者被认定吸毒成瘾;吸毒成瘾者具有更明显的精神症状及戒断症状。Objective： To analyze the drug abuse status of outpatients with drug addiction in a district of Shanghai. Method： A total of 4 856 outpatients meeting the entry criteria were included in the retrospective survey. The patients were assessed with positive and negative symptom scale（ PANSS）,self-made assessment of amphetamines withdrawal symptoms and opioid withdrawal symptom scale（ COWS）. Those results were processed according to the nature of the data using mean t-test,Logistics regression analysis. The differences between the addicted group and non-addicted group were compared. Results： The drugs involved in the outpatient clinic included methamphetamine,morphine,ketamine,cannabis,cocaine and ecstasy,etc. Methamphetamine involved are accounting for 96. 56% of 4 689 identified cases. The drug addiction rate identified in clinic was 57. 2%（ 2 779）,non-addiction rate identified was 42. 8%（ 2 077）. There was a significant difference in the scores of PANSS（ t = 28. 139,P〈0. 001）,positive symptom dimension（ t = 17. 151,P〈0. 001）,negative symptom dimension（ t = 16. 469,P〈0. 001）,and psychotic symptom dimension（ t = 43. 087,P〈0. 001）,selfmade assessment of amphetamines withdrawal symptoms（ t = 67. 483,P〈0. 001）,and COWS（ t = 7. 916,P〈0. 001） between the addicted group and non-addicted group. Conclusion： The most abused drug in the outpatient clinic is mainly methamphetamine. More than half of outpatients are addicted to drugs. The drug addicts have obvious psychotic symptoms and significant withdrawal symptoms.

关 键 词：毒品滥用 合成毒品 冰毒 阿片类毒品 吸毒成瘾认定 

分 类 号：R749.6[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]