海洋渔业资源声学评估技术及在南极磷虾资源声学评估中的应用  

Assessment on marine living resources based on acoustic technology and its application in Antarctic krill abundance estimation

作　　者：杨洋[1] 朱国平[1,2,3] YANG Yang;ZHU Guo-ping(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Researeh Center jbr Oceanic Fisheries（Shanghai Ocean U}tiversity）,Shanghai 201306;Polar Marine Ecosystem Group,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resourees（Shanghai Ocean U}tiversity）,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,极地海洋生态系统研究室,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2018年第3期368-376,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41776185,41606210); 国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD13B03); 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203018)

摘　　要：声学方法评估渔业资源于20世纪70年代开始在国际上推广。如今,声学方法已成为海洋生物资源评估的重要手段。我国于2009年启动南极海洋生物资源开发项目,越来越多的研究目光投向南极磷虾资源。作为南大洋生态系统中的关键物种,南极磷虾具有复杂的集群和生物特性,其资源评估的准确性尚有较多限制因子。作为传统资源评估的重要补充和延伸,声学技术在南极磷虾资源的评估上日益受到重视。本文在总结声学资源评估一般过程(航线设计、声学仪器校正、数据采集、目标强度确定、数据处理及生物量评估等)的基础上,结合南极磷虾的集群特点,分析了声学技术在南极磷虾资源评估上的应用及面临的问题(如,背景噪音剔除、种类鉴别和目标强度确定等)。Acoustic assessment of fishery resources began to be promoted internationally in the 1970 s.Nowadays,acoustic survey has became an important approach of assessing marine living resources. Since the launching of the Antarctic Marine Living Resources Exploitation and Utilization Programme in 2009,studies on Antarctic krill resource have increased significantly in China. As a key species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem, Antarctic krill presents complex aggregating and biological characteristics, leaving many limitations for assessing the abundance of Antarctic krill. As an important complementary and extension of traditional stock assessment method,acoustic assessment was concerned increasingly. This review summarized the general procedure of acoustic assessment, i. e., survey transect design, calibration of acoustic equipments,data collection,determination of target strength,data processing and abundance estimation.Combined with aggregating characteristcs of Antarctic krill,this review further analyzed the application of acoustic technology to assessing abundance of Antarctic krill resource and the problems to be solved,for example,background noise removal,species discrimination and determination of target strength.

关 键 词：资源评估 声学调查 目标强度 南极磷虾 

分 类 号：Q62[生物学—生物物理学] S932[农业科学—渔业资源]