资金约束供应链的付款激励与协调研究  

The research on motivating payment and coordinating the supply chain with capital constraints

作　　者：沈建男[1] 骆建文[1] SHEN Jian-nan;LUO Jian-wen(Antai College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,Chin)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,上海200030

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2018年第3期112-118,共7页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71072063;71372107)

摘　　要：面对由单个资金约束的制造商与单个资金约束的零售商组成的供应链,零售商存在三种付款方式,同时制造商提出提前付款时批发价折扣激励与延期付款的利率,本文从企业各自利润最大化出发,构建了不同付款方式下的供应链运营决策模型,并对比分散式供应链与集中式供应链的最优利润。研究表明:在不同付款方式下,资金约束的制造商与零售商均有动力进行外部融资且能够保证另一方参与供应链的运作。其次,零售商最优付款方式的选择主要是以批发价折扣率与融资服务利率为条件。再次,设计收益共享协调机制,不但部分改变了零售商最优付款方式的选择,而且能实现制造商和零售商利润的帕累托改进。最后通过算例分析验证了研究结论与所设计收益共享契约的有效性。Capital is a fundamental resource in supply chains. Although noticeable literature assumes that capital constraints should not be considered. However, many microenterprises in China are short of funds, especially in start-up and fast-growing periods. One way to resolve this problem is for enterprises to borrow short-term loans from banks with fixed assets or sales receipts. Because of lack of full business information and trying to avoid financial risks, banks may afford a finite credit size. Thus, there will not be optimal decision-making in supply chains under limited working capital, which sharply influences an enterprise＇s profit. Another alternative way is trade credit, allowed by a manufacturer for a capital-constrained retailer, for delayed payment with an interest after delivering products. Moreover, trade credit refers to what a retailer pays to a capital-constrained manufacturer before receiving products. In addition to punctual payment, there are three main payment terms： advanced payment, punctual payment, and delay payment. However, many researches about capital-constrained supply chain mainly discussed the optimal decision-making under one payment term and analyzed how to choose the optimal financial channel to solve the limited capital for retailers. Few researches considered that both upstream and downstream supply chains do not have enough capital under different payment terms at the same time. Under the co-existence of stochastic demand and appropriate financial services from bank, a supply chain consists of one manufacturer and one retailer that have capital constraints. Without loss of generality, the initial capital of retailer or manufacturer is zero. The basic model is a classical single-period, make-to-order framework. Thus, the retailer prebooks quantity from manufacturer and sells it with an exogenously fixed price. The manufacturer has an incentive as wholesale price discount for advanced payment. However, if a retailer implements delayed payment, a manufacturer will announce per un

关 键 词：资金约束 付款方式 运营策略 激励 收益共享 

分 类 号：F272.3[经济管理—企业管理]