一次春季雹灾的多普勒雷达产品特征分析  

Characteristics Analysis of Doppler Radar Products in a Spring Hailstorm

作　　者：李冬梅 柳琼 刘婉莉 周涛 李斯荣[2] LI Dongmei;LIU Qiong;LIU Wanli;ZHOU Tao;LI Sirong(Yuncheng Meteorological Bureau,Yuncheng 044000,China;Shanxi Provincial Meteorological Observatory,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]运城市气象局,山西运城044000 [2]山西省气象台,山西太原030006

出　　处：《灾害学》2018年第3期64-68,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：山西省气象局面上项目"冰雹灾害的大气结构分析与预警技术研究"(SXKMSTQ20173526)

摘　　要：利用常规高空、地面观测资料以及三门峡多普勒雷达资料,对2016年4月27日山西运城市的雹灾天气进行分析。结果显示:高空冷温槽是雹灾发生的大环流背景。雹灾发生前大气特征具有上下干、中间湿的"蜂腰状"结构,高低空差动温度平流造成强烈的位势不稳定,强的垂直风切变及低层大的切变曲率,有利于超级单体和多单体风暴发展;地面中尺度辐合线有利于强对流风暴发展,超级单体发生前1 h地面有中尺度辐合线生成,中低层具有钩状回波特征,并伴有弱的中气旋;多单体风暴与地面中尺度辐合线相伴而生,在发展过程中有中气旋生成,并出现风暴顶辐散;春季-20℃层高度低于6 km,与0℃层厚度差小于3.5 km,利于形成密集的大小不均冰雹,对农作物损伤严重。The hail weather occurred in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province on April 27, 2016 is analyzed by using conventional meteorological data and Sanmenxia Doppler radar data. The results show that high level cold temperature trough is the large-scale circulation background of hail disaster. Before the occurrence of the hailstorm, the atmospheric characteristics had a “bee-like” structure, with dry upper and lower layer and wet-middle layer. Upper and lower differential temperature advection caused a strong potential instability. Strong vertical wind shear and large lower shear curvature will promote the development of supercell and multi-cell storm; Meso-scale convergence line on the ground will accelerate the development of strong convective storm. Surface meso-scale convergence line is generated one hour before the occurrence of the supercell, The mid-low level of the supercell storm has hook-shaped echo and is accompanied by a weak mesocyclone. Multi-cell storms are associated with mesoscale convergence lines on the ground. During the process of the multi-cell storm development, it will generate mesocyclone and storm top divergence. -20 ℃ layer height in spring is less than 6km, and the thickness difference between 0 ℃ layer is less than 3.5 km, which helps to form a dense uneven size hail ,causes serious crop damage.

关 键 词：春季雹灾 多普勒雷达 大气结构 超级单体 多单体 中气旋 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] P642[天文地球—工程地质学]