云南省山洪地质灾害分布特征及致灾因子分析  

Analysis on the Distribution and Drivers of Flash Floods in Yunnan Province

作　　者：朱涯 黄玮[2] 李蒙[2] 张明达[2] ZHU Ya;HUANG Wei;LI Meng;ZHANG Mingda(Yunnan Atmospheric Exploration Technology Security Center,Kunming 650034,China;Yunnan Climate Center,Kunming 650034,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省大气探测技术保障中心,云南昆明650034 [2]云南省气候中心,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《灾害学》2018年第3期96-100,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201508);云南省气象局科研项目(SH201601)

摘　　要：云南省受山洪、滑坡、泥石流灾害影响十分严重。基于精细化灾害风险普查,综合全省125个站1971-2016年逐日降水数据,以大雨日数、暴雨日数和大暴雨日数作为强降水因子;以10 min,30 min,1 h,3 h,6 h和12 h极端降水极值作为极端降水因子。结果表明:云南省山洪沟主要分布于河流及河谷周边地区,滇西北南部、滇西南北部、滇东南西部分布密集。泥石流、滑坡呈现西部高于东部、北部高于南部的特征。强降水主要集中发生在滇西南及滇南边缘地区,北部及东部强降水较少。极端降水主要集中在滇东北、滇中以北及滇南边缘地区。怒江、大理西部、丽江东部、德宏、保山、临沧、西双版纳及红河南部的强降水因子和极端降水因子匹配较好,也是山洪、滑坡、泥石流分布最多的地区。Events such as flash floods, landslide, and debris flow are frequent in Yunnan province. Based on the precipitation data （1971-2016） of 125 meteorological stations and detailed survey on the disaster risk, we investigated the number of days with different levels of heavy rain and calculated the extreme precipitation at intervals of 10, 30min, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24h. Results show that flash floods usually occurred in regions close to stream and valley and they were especially common in the southern region of northwestern Yunnan, northern region of southwestern Yunnan and western region of southeastern Yunnan. Landslides and debris flow occurred more in northwestern areas of the province than southeastern areas. Heavy rains took place more in southwestern part of the province while less in northeastern part. Extreme rainfalls are more often in northeast and center of the province. The extreme rainfall events coupled well with heavy rain frequency in regions such as Nujiang, west Dali, east Lijiang, Dehong, Baoshan, Lincang, Xishuangbanna and south Honghe. These regions were also associated with more frequent events of flash flood, landslide and debris flow.

关 键 词：山洪 地质灾害 空间分布 降水日数 极端降水 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学] X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]