分根区交替灌溉对马铃薯叶片超微结构及生理性状的影响  

Effects of Partial Root-zone Irrigation on Leaf Cell Ultrastructure and Plant Physiological Characters of Potato Leaves

作　　者：宿飞飞[1,2] 孙慕华 李勇[2] 刘尚武[2] 刘振宇[2] 王绍鹏[2] 万书明[2] 陈曦 高云飞[2] 张静华[2] 秦斐斐[4] 胡林双[2] 吕典秋[2] SU Fei-fei;SUN Mu-hua;LI Yong(Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctora Programme,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030;Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science;Beidahuang Potato Group Co.,Ltd.Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院博士后科研工作站,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院植物脱毒苗木研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]北大荒黑土薯业有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [4]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2018年第19期47-53,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31501358);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所)资助(FIRI2016-02);黑龙江省现代农业技术合作创新体系(HNWJZTX201701);中央引导地方科技发展专项(科技创新ZY16C05-3);黑龙江省科研机构创新能力提升计划项目(YC2015D003);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD06B02)

摘　　要：[目的]研究分根区交替灌溉对马铃薯叶片超微结构及生理性状的影响。[方法]以马铃薯早熟品种费乌瑞它为研究对象,研究分根交替灌溉对马铃薯叶片细胞超微结构、植株农艺性状、生理性状的影响。[结果]分根交替灌溉处理在受到干旱胁迫时马铃薯植株叶片较常规灌溉处理气孔器密度低、闭合程度大,叶绿体和线粒体的受损程度小,叶片细胞保证了细胞器的功能,使马铃薯植株表现较强抗旱性。氧化酶活性变化规律,在不同灌溉条件下随着含水量降低,分根交替灌溉处理较对照处理更能增强细胞抗氧化活性。分根交替灌溉处理的SOD、POD、CAT活性在各含水量时期均高于CK处理,随土壤含水量降低植株抗氧化能力更强;MDA活性较对照处理低,因此,受氧化胁迫轻。分根交替灌溉能有效促进马铃薯植株整体生长势。控水灌溉复水后,植株整体变化和累积速率高于CK处理,保证马铃薯产量。以上结果表明,分根交替灌溉诱导马铃薯植株的细胞超微结构和生理酶活性的正向调节,增强了马铃薯对于干旱刺激的应激反应能力,提高马铃薯植株的抗旱能力。[结论]该研究为非充分灌溉下的马铃薯高效抗旱节水栽培技术的研究提供理论依据。[Objective] To research the effects of partial root-zone irrigation on leaf cell ultrastructure and plant physiological characters of potato. [Method] With early potato variety ‘Favorita＇as materials,we researched the effects of partial root-zone irrigation on leaf cell ultrastructure and plant agronomic and physiological characters. [Result]The density of stomata in leaf was lower with induced stomata closure in PRD treatment than in CK. The damage of chloroplasts and mitochondria was small,which protected the function of organelles in leaf cells and increased drought tolerance in potato plant. PRD improved cellular antioxidant enzyme abilities with higher abilities of SOD,POD and CAT compared with CK. The lower MDA content also proved the low oxidant stress in leaf cell. PRD promoted the whole growth of potato plant.The whole change and accumulation rate of plant growth were higher after re-watering than in CK,which enhanced the final potato yield. In conclusion,PRD induced positive regulation of leaf cell ultrastructure and physiological enzyme activities,enhanced the stress response ability of potato drought stimulation and increased drought resistance of potato plant. [Conclusion] This research provided theoretical foundation for the research on high-efficient drought and water-saving cultivation techniques of potato under the condition of unsufficient irrigation.

关 键 词：马铃薯 分根交替灌溉 生理性状 超微结构 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]