晚清海塞防之议与台湾海防地位的衍变  

Disputes over Coast and Land Defense in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Evolution of Taiwan's Coastal Defense Status

作　　者：黄顺力[1] HUANG Shun-li(College of Humanities,Xiamen university,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学人文学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第4期116-125,共10页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"近代中国从海防到海权的思想衍变研究"(14BZS053);国家社科基金重大项目"清代海疆政策与开发研究"(13&ZD093)

摘　　要：海塞防之议虽发生于晚清时期,但其缘由则要溯及以往。由于清统治者对来自海洋的困扰采取类似陆防的传统"防海"政策,故此前台湾诸岛实无真正意义上的"海防"。台湾归附后,施琅主张留守台湾,蕴涵着以外海作为内地屏障,将防线从陆路推向海洋的思想认识。鸦片战后,台湾的海防地位虽开始显现,但却是在晚清海塞防之议大视阈背景之下才得以确立。这主要体现在:一是将台湾海防与"海国时代"到来的整个国际形势联系在一起,提高对台湾海防战略地位重要性的认识。二是欲移驻福建巡抚入台,提升台湾作为东南海疆门户的海防地位。三是开山"抚番",兴建炮台,筹购船舰等,加强台湾的海防建设。有清一代,时人有关台湾海防认识的传统与衍变过程,也是中国海防观念由传统向近代蹒跚转型的过程。Although the dispute over coast and land defense occurred in the late Qing Dynasty, the reason should be traced back to the past. Before that, there was no real ＂coast defense＂ on Taiwan islands. As Qing Dynasty rulers were suffering from the invasion of marine enemies, they adopted a traditional ＂sea protection＂ policy akin to land defense. After the recovery of Taiwan, Shi Lang advocated using the sea as a barrier to the mainland for guarding Taiwan, which was his early understanding of the thought of sea defense. After the Opium War, the coastal defense status in Taiwan was established against the background of the dispute over coastal defense and land defense, which was mainly embodied in the following three aspects ： First, raising awareness of the importance of Taiwan＇ strategic position in coastal defense linked to the upcoming ＂age of the sea＂. Second, enhancing Taiwan＇ s coastal defense status as a gateway to the southeast coastal area, and preparing for the Fujian governor to be stationed in Taiwan. Third, strengthening the construction of sea defense in Taiwan by means of pensioning local aborigines, building forts, purchase ships and so on. In the Qing Dynasty, the process of understanding coastal defense of Taiwan is also a process of gradual transformation of China＇ s coastal defense concept from tradition to modern times.

关 键 词：晚清 海塞防之议 台湾海防 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]