潍坊市2016—2017年现制现售水微生物污染状况  

Microbial contamination status of fresh-purified drinking water supply in Weifang,2016-2017

作　　者：陈莹莹[1] 李勤[1] 王丹[1] 代飞飞[1] CHEN Yingying;LI Qin;WANG Dan;DAI Feifei Weifang(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Weifang,Shandong 261061,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊市疾病预防控制中心,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2018年第8期804-807,共4页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：2016年度潍坊市卫生计生委科研项目(No.2016wsjs061)

摘　　要：目的了解潍坊市现制现售水中细菌性指标卫生状况,为部门评估饮用水安全和制订相应的控制措施提供参考数据资料。方法分别在冬夏两季采集潍坊市市区室内和室外安装的某两种品牌的自动售水机所制的现制现售饮用水,并同步采集进入自动售水机前的自来水作为对照,共计采集水样208份,通过检测其中细菌菌落总数(平板计数法)、铜绿假单胞菌(滤膜法)、大肠菌群(酶底物法之51孔定量盘法)、耐热大肠菌群(酶底物法之51孔定量盘法)这4项指标来综合研究现制现售水的微生物污染状况。结果两品牌自动售水机所制现制现售水在本调查中合格率分别为89.6%和85.7%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);现制现售水合格率为87.5%,水源自来水合格率为90.4%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);水源自来水中均未检测到铜绿假单胞菌,而其制成的现制现售水中铜绿假单胞菌的检出率为4.3%;室外现制现售水中铜绿假单胞菌合格率冬季(100.0%)高于夏季(94.3%);由合格的水源自来水制得的现制现售水合格率(92.0%)高于由不合格的水源自来水制得的现制现售水合格率(45.0%)(P<0.05);PFGE分子分型实验显示铜绿假单胞菌之间带型分散,无流行病学相关性。结论现制现售水在微生物指标上没有体现出明显的净化效果;水源水微生物超标会使现制现售水微生物超标概率明显提高;外界温度变化对现制现售水的微生物合格率没有太大影响,安装环境的不同不会影响其水质微生物合格率,但室外现制现售水中铜绿假单胞菌合格率冬季高于夏季;菌落总数不合格是现制现售水的主要不合格指标;自动售水机在制作及出售饮用水的过程中存在污染环节;自动售水机的安装、维护等各个环节的卫生监督管理仍需加强。Objective To investigate the hygienic status of the bacterial indicators in the fresh-purified drinking water supply in Weifang, and to provide reference data for evaluating the safety of drinking water and formulating corresponding control measures. Methods In the winter and summer seasons, 208 water samples were collected from two brands of water vending machines installed at indoor and outdoor, and the tap water before entering the water vending machine was collected simultaneously as the control. Through the detection of the total number of bacterial colonies（plate count method）,Pseudomonas aeruginosa（membrane）, Escherichia coli（enzyme substrate method 51 hole disc quantitative method）,thermotolerant coliform bacteria（enzyme substrate method 51 hole disc quantitative method） these 4 indicators to comprehensive research the microbial contamination status of fresh-purified drinking water supply, and Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis（PFGE） was applied for molecular typing of the pathogenic bacteria isolated from the water. Results In this survey, the qualified rates of water samples collected from two brands of water vending machines were respectively 89.6% and 85.7%（P〉0.05）. The qualified rate of fresh-purified drinking water was 87.5% versus 90.4% of the water tap water（P〉0.05）.The detection rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the tap water and fresh-purified drinking water were respectively 0.0% and 4.3%; the detection rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fresh-purified drinking water for winter and summer were respectively 100.0% and 94.3%; the passing rate of fresh-purified drinking water prepared from qualified tap water was 92.0% versus 45.0% of fresh-purified drinking water prepared from unqualified tap water. The PFGE molecular typing experiment showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was distributed in gel-band, without epidemiological correlation. Conclusions The fresh-purified drinking water do not show the obvious purification effect in the microbial indicators; the over-stand

关 键 词：现制现售水 饮水卫生 铜绿假单胞菌 PFGE分子分型 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]