损害商业信誉、商品声誉罪的规范解释  

On the Normative Interpretation of the Crime of Damaging Business Reputation and Commodity Reputation

作　　者：石聚航[1] Shi Juhang

机构地区：[1]南昌大学法学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《政治与法律》2018年第8期42-52,共11页Political Science and Law

基　　金：中国法学会部级课题项目"裁判文书中刑法目的解释的实践运用研究"[项目编号:CLS(2017)D57]的阶段性成果

摘　　要：我国刑法并未明晰损害商业信誉、商品声誉罪的法益,司法实践中出现将对行业商品声誉的损害行为也认定该罪的扩大化裁判倾向。该罪法益应当是基于个体经营者利益的反射利益。反向损害商业信誉、商品声誉的行为,以及只是对行业商品声誉的损害行为不应当被认定为该罪。捏造的虚伪事实必须达到足以令他人信以为真的程度,才具有处罚的必要性。基于一定科学推理的对特定商品贬损的行为,不是捏造行为。司法解释中"其他造成重大损失和其他严重情节"的规定,不宜单独作为该罪独立的构罪标准,应作为利用互联网或其他媒体公开损害他人商业信誉、商品声誉的限制因素。在有责性的判断中,听信他人谣言而散布甚至捏造的行为,不具有故意的归责性,司法实践中以"未经核实"作为认定故意的事实并不可取。China＇s criminal law doesnt clearly tell the legal interest of the crime of damaging the commercial reputation and commodity reputation, so in judicial practice there is a tendency of amplified conviction that regards an act of damaging the commodity reputation of the industry as this crime. The legal interest of this crime shall be the reflection interest based on the interest of the individual operator. The acts of reverse damage to business reputation, commodity reputation, and the damage to the commodity reputation of the industry should not be considered as the crime. The false fact should be fabricated to the extent that an average person would believe it is true. The provision of ＂other major losses and serious circumstances＂ in the judicial interpretation shall not be regarded as an independent standard of constituting this crime, a restrictive element of recognizing the damage to others＇ business reputation and commodity reputation in an open way by use of internet or other medias. In terms of the culpability, the act of belief in others＇ rumor and then spreading such rumor even fabricating such rumor does not enjoy the culpability of the intent, so it is inadvisable to affirm the intent on basis of the fact of being not verified in judicial practice.

关 键 词：商业信誉 商品声誉 捏造 虚伪事实 未经核实 

分 类 号：DF623[政治法律—刑法学]